Extraction methods and geographical variability influence on phenolic content, fatty acid composition and physicochemical quality, of Moroccan Picholine olive oils in the Fes-Meknes region | OCL

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Table 3

Fatty acid composition.

City	Extraction methods	Palmitic acid	Palmitoleic acid	Stearic acid	Oleic acid	Linoleic acid	Linolenic acid	Arachidic acid	Eicosenoic acid	MUFA/PUFA	PUFA/SFA	n6 /n3
Fez	Hydraulic press	7.31 ± 0.51^a^b	0.23 ± 0.04^a^b	2.23 ± 0.87^a	77.13 ± 3.39^b	12.10 ± 2.12^a	0.76 ± 0.46^a	0.10 ± 0.03^a	0.08 ± 0.03^a	6.22 ± 1.26^a	1.33 ± 0.15^a	20.34 ± 9.87^a
	Three phase	6.11 ± 0.89^a	0.13 ± 0.01^a	2.51 ± 0.78^a	78.91 ± 1.25^c	11.72 ± 2.95^a	0.46 ± 0.05^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.01^a	6.50 ± 0.95^a	1.40 ± 0.12^a	25.48 ± 6.85^b
	Two phase	5.70 ± 1.70^a	0.27 ± 0.06^a	2.03 ± 0.86^a	79.89 ± 0.26^b	11.15 ± 1.25^a	0.72 ± 0.39^a	0.08 ± 0.02^a	0.07 ± 0.02^a	6.81 ± 0.73^a	1.58 ± 0.46^a	18.38 ± 7.98^a
Meknes	Hydraulic press	8.13 ± 1.33^b	0.28 ± 0.12^b	4.10 ± 1.99^a^b	71.62 ± 4.95^a^b	14.64 ± 4.76^a	0.92 ± 0.39^a	0.10 ± 0.03^a	0.09 ± 0.03^a	4.98 ± 1.64^a	1.27 ± 0.42^a	17.16 ± 6.01^a
	Three phase	7.40 ± 0.35^a	0.19 ± 0.01^a	2.36 ± 0.11^a	77.77 ± 1.10^c	11.58 ± 1.58^a	0.54 ± 0.04^a	0.07 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.01^a	6.50 ± 0.92^a	1.24 ± 0.21^a	21.79 ± 4.40^a^b
	Two phase	5.79 ± 0.90^a	0.24 ± 0.05^a	2.35 ± 1.89^a	80.12 ± 1.94^b	10.67 ± 1.06^a	0.59 ± 0.26^a	0.08 ± 0.04^a	0.07 ± 0.03^a	7.18 ± 0.53^a	1.48 ± 0.47^a	20.28 ± 6.48^a
Taounate	Hydraulic press	5.82 ± 0.67^a	0.12 ± 0.02^a	5.47 ± 1.45^b	70.07 ± 2.99^a^b	17.01 ± 1.54^a	1.17 ± 0.34^a	0.14 ± 0.02^a	0.15 ± 0.01^b	3.91 ± 0.52^a	1.61 ± 0.23^a	15.50 ± 4.43^a
	Three phase	6.89 ± 0.68^a	0.17 ± 0.04^a	6.42 ± 1.39^a^b	71.61 ± 0.44^a	13.58 ± 2.08^a	1.01 ± 0.41^a	0.13 ± 0.06^a	0.10 ± 0.06^a	5.00 ± 0.88^a	1.11 ± 0.35^a	14.2 0± 3.71^a^b
	Two phase	6.56 ± 0.65^a	0.19 ± 0.03^a	4.62 ± 1.45^a	74.82 ± 0.32^a	12.36 ± 1.45^a	1.16 ± 0.11^a	0.10 ± 0.02^a	0.11 ± 0.01^a	5.56 ± 0.01^a	1.20 ± 0.32^a	10.66 ± 5.24^a
Taza	Hydraulic press	7.40 ±0.52 ^a^b	0.22 ± 0.01^a^b	2.70 ±0.89^a^b	67.24 ±5.02 ^a	10.91 ± 1.08^a	0.48 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.02^a	0.07 ± 0.02^a	5.92 ± 1.02^a	1.11 ± 0.15^a	22.72 ± 7.32^a
	Three phase	6.56 ± 0.62^a	0.19 ± 0.06^a	4.62 ± 0.01^a	74.82 ± 1.54^b	12.36 ± 2.36^a	1.16 ± 0.23^a	0.10 ± 0.01^a	0.11 ± 0.03^a	5.56 ± 0.97^a	1.20 ± 0.21^a	10.66 ± 5.24^a
	Two phase	6.84 ± 0.62^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a	3.00 ± 0.70^a	77.00 ± 1.53^a^b	11.72 ± 1.97^a	0.98 ± 0.37^a	0.10 ± 0.01^a	0.08 ± 0.03^a	6.14 ± 0.89^a	1.28 ± 0.17^a	13.40 ± 7.17^a
Extraction Methods comparison	p-value	0.063	0.180	0.184	0.002	0.022	0.599	0.183	0.142	0.011	0.373	0.972
COI Standard	7.50 − 20.00	0.30 − 3.50	0.50 − 5.00	55.00 − 85.00	2.50 − 21.00	≤1.00	≤0.60	≤ 0.50

^a-c

The Tukey test indicates significant differences (ρ < 0.05) between cities for each extraction method in columns where different letters indicate significantly different means. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences. MUFA: Monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA: Saturated fatty acids; n6/n3 ratio polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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