Table 2
Intraspecific variability in soybean cultivars for investigated morphological root traits.
Root traits (per plant) | Cultivar range | Mean | Genotype or cultivar effect | Water regime | Water regime effect | Other condition | Plant stage, days after sowing (DAS) or days after germination (DAG) | Growth environment/phenotyping method | Cultivar or genotype number | Maturity group | Location | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average root diameter (mm) | 0.50–0.56 | 0.53 | * | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 28%) | * | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | ||
0.49–0.61 | 0.55 | * | Water stress (volumetric soil water content 16.5%) | ||||||||||
0.32–0.49 | 0.41 | NS | 42 DAS | Greenhouse/mesocosms | 49 | From IV to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2018) | |||||
0.43–0.49 | 0.46 | NS | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 14%) | NS | 60 DAS (V3) | Field/root excavation | 3 | NA | South Africa | Fenta et al. (2014) | |||
0.40–0.54 | 0.47 | ** | Water stress from V3 (volumetric soil water content | ||||||||||
0.66–0.90 | 0.78 | NS | Well-watered (soil moisture 80% at field capacity) | ** | Flowering | Greenhouse/pots | 6 | From 00 to II | Kenya | Mwamlima et al. (2019) | |||
0.52–0.62 | 0.57 | NS | Water stress (soil moisture 20% at field capacity) | ** | |||||||||
Root biomass (dry weight, g) | 0.01–0.26 | 0.135 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | II and III | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | ||||
0.01–0.26 | 0.135 | *** | 9 DAG | ||||||||||
0.01–0.26 | 0.135 | *** | 12 DAG | ||||||||||
0.02–0.04 | 0.03 | *** | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 28%) | NS | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | |||
0.02–0.03 | 0.025 | *** | Water stress (volumetric soil water content 16.5%) | ||||||||||
0.36–0.52 | 0.44 | * | 23 DAS (V1) | Greenhouse/rhizotubes/throughput | 9 | I | France | Maslard et al. (2021) | |||||
0.54–0.70 | 0.62 | NS | 40 DAS | Greenhouse/mesocosms | 10 | From V to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2019) | |||||
2.09–3.61 | 2.85 | *** | Well-watered (soil moisture 80% at field capacity) | *** | Flowering | Greenhouse/pots | 6 | From 00 to II | Kenya | Mwamlima et al. (2019) | |||
0.40–0.84 | 0.62 | *** | Water stress (soil moisture 20% at field capacity) | ||||||||||
Root length density (cm cm-3) | 0.06–0.16 | 0.11 | *** | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 28%) | NS | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | ||
0.07–0.16 | 0.115 | *** | Water stress (volumetric soil water content 16.5%) | ||||||||||
0.92–1.84 | 1.38 | NS | 21 DAS | Field | 2 | NA | Japan | Matsuo et al. (2013) | |||||
0.59–1.30 | 0.945 | NS | 41 DAS (R1) | ||||||||||
0.54–1.18 | 0.86 | * | 62 DAS (R4) | ||||||||||
0.84–1.21 | 1.025 | NS | 85 DAS (R6) | ||||||||||
0.03–0.19 | 0.11 | * | 21 DAS | Lysimeter/minirhizotrons | |||||||||
0.07–0.24 | 0.155 | * | 40 DAS | ||||||||||
0.01–0.22 | 0.115 | * | 61 DAS | ||||||||||
1.48–1.52 | 1.5 | * | 21 DAS | Pots | |||||||||
4.26–4.88 | 4.57 | NS | 42 DAS | ||||||||||
8.30–8.68 | 8.49 | NS | 56 DAS | ||||||||||
0.50–2.50 | 1.5 | * | Water stress | R2 | Semi field/pots/tubes | 8 | NA | China | Gao et al. (2020) | ||||
Root surface area (cm2) | 0.0–27.5 | 13.75 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | |||||
0.0–59.0 | 29.5 | *** | 9 DAG | ||||||||||
0.0–122.7 | 61.35 | *** | 12 DAG | ||||||||||
15.8–38.1 | 26.95 | *** | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 28%) | NS | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | |||
20.0–37.2 | 28.6 | *** | Water stress (volumetric soil water content 16.5%) | ||||||||||
59.0–271.0 | 165 | *** | 42 DAS | Greenhouse/mesocosms | 49 | From IV to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2018) | |||||
406.0–622.0 | 514 | NS | 40 DAS | Greenhouse/mesocosms | 10 | From V to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2019) | |||||
277.0–548.0 | 412.5 | *** | * | R7 | Field | 10 | |||||||
6.5–8.3 | 7.4 | NS | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 14%) | 60 DAS (V3) | Field/root excavation | 3 | NA | South Africa | Fenta et al. (2014) | ||||
4.7–15.4 | 10.05 | ** | Water stress from V3 (volumetric soil water content | ||||||||||
Root tips number | 86–204.3 | 145.2 | *** | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 28%) | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | |||
103.8–217.6 | 160.7 | *** | Water stress (volumetric soil water content 16.5%) | ||||||||||
168.7–190.5 | 179.6 | NS | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 14%) | * | 60 DAS (V3) | Field/root excavation | 3 | NA | South Africa | Fenta et al. (2014) | |||
177.8–377.8 | 277.8 | * | Water stress from V3 (volumetric soil water content | ||||||||||
Root volume and primary root volume (cm3) | 0.10–0.54 | 0.32 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | II and III | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | ||||
0.10–0.71 | 0.405 | *** | 9 DAG | ||||||||||
1.14–1.20 | 1.17 | *** | 12 DAG | ||||||||||
0.22–0.47 | 0.345 | *** | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 28%) | NS | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | |||
0.27–0.46 | 0.365 | *** | Water stress (volumetric soil water content 16.5%) | ||||||||||
0.45–3.52 | 1.985 | * | 42 DAS | Greenhouse/mesocosms | 49 | From IV to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2018) | |||||
4.56–7.79 | 6.175 | * | 40 DAS | Greenhouse/mesocosms | 10 | From V to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2019) | |||||
5.90–16.30 | 11.1 | *** | R7 | Field | 10 | ||||||||
0.07–0.10 | 0.085 | NS | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 14%) | * | 60 DAS (V3) | Field/root excavation | 3 | NA | South Africa | Fenta et al. (2014) | |||
0.05–0.16 | 0.105 | ** | Water stress from V3 (volumetric soil water content | ||||||||||
Taproot length (cm) | 0.2–38.2 | 19.2 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | II and III | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | ||||
1.7–54.4 | 28.05 | *** | 9 DAG | ||||||||||
1.2–68.3 | 34.75 | *** | 12 DAG | ||||||||||
18.0–30.5 | 24.25 | * | 12 DAS | Greenhouse/plastic tubes | 13 | NA | Vietnam | Thu et al. (2014) | |||||
36.2–59.3 | 47.75 | * | 21 DAS (V3) | ||||||||||
9.4–30.2 | 19.8 | *** | 12 DAS | Growth chamber/cones | 34 | From III to VI | USA | Manavalan et al. (2010) | |||||
20.0–50.0 | 35 | *** | 21 DAS (V3) | Growth chamber/tubes | 8 | ||||||||
50.0–70.0 | 60 | *** | 35 DAS | ||||||||||
Total root length (cm) | 0.2–227.2 | 113.7 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | II and III | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | ||||
2.8–566.5 | 284.65 | *** | 9 DAG | ||||||||||
0.6–923.3 | 461.95 | *** | 12 DAG | ||||||||||
93.9–247.6 | 170.75 | *** | Well-watered (volumetric soil water content 28%) | NS | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | |||
106.2–241.9 | 174.05 | *** | Water stress (volumetric soil water content 16.5%) | ||||||||||
2942–4107 | 3524.5 | NS | 40 DAS | Greenhouse/Mesocosms | 10 | From V to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2019) | |||||
646–1949 | 1297.5 | *** | 42 DAS | Greenhouse/mesocosms | 49 | From IV to VIII | USA | Fried et al. (2018) | |||||
51.5–56.9 | 54.2 | NS | Irrigated (volumetric soil water content 14%) | * | 60 DAS (V3) | Field/root excavation | 3 | NA | South Africa | Fenta et al. (2014) | |||
41.0–120.5 | 80.75 | ** | Not irrigated from V3 (volumetric soil water content | ||||||||||
60.4–110.4 | 85.4 | *** | High phosphorus | 100 DAS | Field | 8 | China | Zhao et al. (2004) | |||||
70.8–110.4 | 90.6 | *** | Low phosphorus | China | |||||||||
132.8–416.6 | 274.7 | *** | High phosphorus | Maturity | Field | 2 | NA | China | Ao et al. (2010) | ||||
81.71–199.1 | 140.405 | *** | Low phosphorus |
NS: non-significant, NA: not available.
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