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Table 3
Description of the ten proposals designed by farmers to manage camelina in the cropping systems.
| Description of the proposal | Management of the previous crop harvest and residues | Sowing (date, rate, equipment) | Fertilisation (date, amount, product) | Irrigation (date, amount) | Weeding (date, type of weeding, amount, equipment) | Harvest date and installation of the following crop | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pure camelina as double crop after canned pea | Pea harvest on June 15th, followed by the harvest of the pea tops OR tillage (if the conditions are not favourable for pea tops harvest) |
June 20th, sowing of camelina at 8 kg ha−1 (rotary harrow) | – | – | – | Early/mid October |
| 2 | Pure camelina as double crop after canned pea | Pea harvest on July 15th–20th | July 20th, direct sowing of camelina at 10 kg ha−1 | – | – | – | Early November |
| 3 | Pure camelina as double crop after winter barley | Winter barley harvest on early July, then harvest of the barley straws | Sowing of camelina, 2–3 days after the harvest of barley, at 8 to 10 kg ha−1 | No nitrogen application OR 10 t ha−1 of sugarbeet scums before camelina sowing |
– | Harrowing in August OR application of a broadleaf herbicide at the stage “2 leaf” of the barley regrowth | Late September or early October OR mowing and windrowing of camelina |
| 4 | Pure camelina as double crop after winter barley | Winter barley harvest on mid-July, then harvest of the barley straws | July 20th, direct sowing of camelina with a disc seeder at 8–10 kg ha−1 | – | – | Broadleaf herbicide (if necessary) | Late October, and then sowing yellow mustard before sugarbeet or sunflower |
| 5 | Pure camelina as double crop after winter barley | Winter barley harvest on early/mid-July | 2–3 days after the harvest of barley, direct sowing of camelina with a disc seeder at 8 kg ha−1 | Nitrogen and phosphate supply: 80 kg ha−1 of 18–46 at sowing | – | Broadleaf herbicide (if necessary) | Mid-October/early November and late sowing of the following wheat that allows avoiding aphid treatment and weed control |
| 6 | Pure camelina as relay crop after winter barley | – | June 10th (or before), broadcast sowing of camelina at 10 kg ha−1 | Nitrogen (30 kgN. ha−1) + sulphur + boron supply at the rosette stage OR Application of 3 t ha−1 of chicken dropping (at the rosette stage right after barley harvest |
– | Application of 0.4 l ha−1 of Pilote® (broadleaf herbicide) if barley regrowth is competitive | September 10th–15th |
| 7 | Pure camelina as spring crop after an immature rye valorised through a methanation unit | Rye silage on mid-May, then deep tillage but without turning the soil | 1–2 days after the silage, sowing of camelina at 8 kg ha−1 OR direct sowing (depending on the harvest conditions of rye) |
– | 10 to 15 mm at sowing | – | Late July/early August |
| 8 | Pure camelina as spring crop between two buckwheat cycles | Chemical destruction of the cover crop (faba bean/oat/vetch) just after sowing camelina | Late April/early May, direct sowing of camelina, in the cover crop, at 8 kg ha−1 | – | – | – | Late July/early August. Broadcast sowing of the buckwheat in camelina crop just before the harvest |
| 9 | Pure camelina as spring crop after winter wheat | Chemical destruction of the cover crop and realisation of a stale seed bed in March | In April, direct sowing of camelina at 10 kg ha−1 | Nitrogen and phosphate supply: localised application of 65 kg ha−1 of 18–46 at sowing | – | – | In July; when camelina is mature |
| 10 | Spring camelina intercrop with spring pea or spring barley | Destruction of the catch crop (mulching technique) | March 10th–15th, sowing of the intercrop at 8 kg ha−1 (camelina), 15 kg ha−1 (spring barley) or 50 kg ha−1 (pea) | – | – | Novall ® application if competitive buckwheat regrowth | July 10th |
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