Schematic representation of some the conventional breeding (Blue arrows) and metabolic engineering (green dashed arrows) strategies used recently to manipulate plant oil composition. Target lipids and fatty acids enriched in the oil as a result of these manipulations are indicated (pink ovals background). Possible utilisation of the resulting oils for food, feed, fuel or as industrial feedstock are also indicated. Black: target genes overexpressed; Red: target genes inactivated by mutation or using a RNAi construct. The Blue dashed arrow used for Rapeseed oil enriched in 22:1 illustrates that both conventional breeding and metabolic engineering approached have been used to achieve this oil quality. 16:1 Palmitoleic acid; 18:1 Oleic acid; 18:1-OH Ricinoleic acid; 22:1 Erucic acid; LC-PUFA: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; HFA: Hydroxy fatty acid; TAG: Triacylglycerol. A color figure is available at: www.ocl-journal.org.