Effet anti-obésité des CLA : mythe ou réalité ?

¹ INSERM U465, Centre biomédical des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l’École de Médecine 75270 Paris cedex 06 (33) 1 42 34 69 01 (33) 1 40 51 85 86
² INRA UMR914, Institut national agronomique Paris-Grignon, F75231 Paris cedex 05
³ UMR 5170 CNRS-CESG/INRA/Université de Bourgogne, ENSBANA, 21000 Dijon
⁴ UMR INSERM 476/INRA 1260, Faculté de médecine La Timone, 27 bd jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5

^* quignard@bhdc.jussieu.fr

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Inclusion of CLA in the diet provokes a rapid and marked decrease in body weight gain and adiposity in mice leading to a lipoatrophic syndrome. However, CLA supplementation raised fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations and was associated with severe insulin resistance and liversteatosis. Conflicting results have been reported with regard to reduction of fat mass in humans. We have reviewed the publish literature regarding the effect of CLA on body composition in humans and animal models. These studies indicate that t10-c12 was the isomer that reduced adipose fat storage, however it also increased insulin resistance and liver steatosis. Although significant benefit to humans from dietary CLA supplementation is questionable, it may create several health risks in both animals and humans. The potential mechanisms by which CLA inhibits lipid storage capacity in adipocytes are presented and discussed in this review.