Mycotoxins in oilseeds and vegetable edible oils: an overview of toxicity, occurrence and exposure | OCL

Contaminants in oils and fats / Contaminants des huiles et corps gras

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Table 4

Contribution of edible oils to the chronic dietary exposure to mycotoxins across EFSA risk assessment reports At the LB, results below the limit of quantification (LOQ) or limit of detection (LOD) were replaced by zero; at the upper bound (UB), the results below the LOD were replaced by the value of the LOD and those below the LOQ were replaced by the value reported as LOQ.

Mycotoxins		Toxicological Reference Value (TRV)	Age group concerned	Chronic dietary exposure to mycotoxins (ng/kg bw per day)		Type of products concerned	Contribution of edible oils to the chronic dietary exposure to this mycotoxin (%)		References
				Median
				LB	UB		LB	UB
Aflatoxin B1		Carcinogenic toxin, no TRV***	Adults	0.33	2.15	Legumes, nuts and oilseeds	up to 29	-	Schrenk et al. (2020a)
			Toddlers and children	0.64 (toddlers)	5.35 (toddlers)	Animal and vegetable fats and oils	up to 39 (driven by consumption of peanut butter)	-
			Toddlers and children	0.76 (children)	4.93 (children)	Animal and vegetable fats and oils	up to 39 (driven by consumption of peanut butter)	-
Ochratoxin A		Carcinogenic toxin, no TRV***	Adults	2.41	5.09	Oilseeds	0.01	0.02	Schrenk et al. (2020b) Citing INCA3 Data (ANSES, France)
						Sunflower oil	0.01	0.04
						Peanuts butter	0.00	0.02
Zearalenone		0.25 μg/kg b.w. per day (TDI)*	Adults	4.3	18	Vegetable oils	8.6 (0.2-51)	4.7 (0.1-24)	EFSA (2011b)
T-2 and HT-2 toxins		0.02 µg/kg b.w. per day (TDI)*	Elderly	2.94	17.5	Olive oil	4	-	Knutsen et al. (2017a) and Arcella et al. (2017)
T-2 and HT-2 toxins		0.02 µg/kg b.w. per day (TDI)*	Adults	3.62	19.8	Sunﬂower oil	up to 26 (with high consumption, in Hungary and Romania)	-	Knutsen et al. (2017a) and Arcella et al. (2017)
Alternaria Toxins	AOH	2.5 ng/kg b.w. per day (TTC)**	Adults	2.2	9.2	Oilseeds	0.3	0.1	Arcella et al. (2016) Citing INCA2 Data (ANSES, France)
	AOH	2.5 ng/kg b.w. per day (TTC)**		2.2	9.2	Vegetable oils	6.1	3.8
	AME	2.5 ng/kg b.w. per day (TTC)**		1.4	7.6	Oilseeds	0.5	0.1
	AME	2.5 ng/kg b.w. per day (TTC)**		1.4	7.6	Vegetable oils	41.6	10.3
	TeA	1.5 µg/ kg b.w. per day (TTC)**		86	178	Oilseeds	0.1	0.1
	TeA	1.5 µg/ kg b.w. per day (TTC)**		86	178	Vegetable oils	1.5	1.1
	TEN	1.5 µg/ kg b.w. per day (TTC)**		1.2	5.1	Oilseeds	3.7	1.0
	TEN	1.5 µg/ kg b.w. per day (TTC)**		1.2	5.1	Vegetable oils	5.0	2.1

*TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake): estimate of the quantity of a substance that a person can consume on a daily basis throughout his or her life without significant risk to health

**TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern): approach developed to qualitatively assess the risk associated with substances in low concentrations in the diet

*** There is no Tolerable Daily Intake value for genotoxic and carcinogenic substances. A statistical measure can be used in toxicology and risk assessment to define a safe exposure level for a chemical substance: BMDL₁₀ (Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit). BMDL₁₀ of AFB1 and OTA are respectively 0.4 and 14.5 μg/kg bw per day for neoplastic effects.

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