Walnut oil deacidification by liquid–liquid extraction with ethanol in a single- and multistage crossflow process | OCL

Technological challenges in oilseed crushing and refining / Défis technologiques de la trituration et du raffinage des oléagineux

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Table 3

Phase compositions in the crossflow extraction process (Initial FFA content in oil: 5.8%; extraction: 27 °C, O/S ratio: 0.5 g/g; demixing: 7 °C, 1 night; W₁: neutral oil; W₂: Free fatty acids content; W₃: solvent content (water + ethanol)).

Operating conditions				Measure	Initial mixture			Oil-rich phase			Alcohol-rich phase

EtOH content	Mixing stage	O/S ratio (g/g per stage)	Cumulated S/O ratio (g/g)	Acidity of distillated oil in the oil-rich phase (% OA eq.)	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₁	W₂	W₃
95.6%	1	2.00	2.00 ± 0.00	1.93 ± 0.10	31.40	1.93	66.67	89.57	1.77	8.66	2.42	2.02	95.57
	2	0.49	4.03 ± 0.03	0.70 ± 0.10	32.39	0.64	66.97	92.18	0.65	7.17	1.55	0.63	97.82
	3	0.50	6.02 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.10	33.14	0.23	66.63	92.81	0.34	6.85	1.37	0.17	98.45
88.6%	1	0.50	1.99 ± 0.01	2.42 ± 0.10	31.50	1.94	66.56	91.73	2.28	6.00	0.92	1.77	97.32
	2	0.50	4.01 ± 0.01	1.28 ± 0.10	32.31	0.80	66.89	93.06	1.20	5.73	0.57	0.59	98.83
	3	0.50	6.00 ± 0.03	0.49 ± 0.10	33.00	0.43	66.57	93.73	0.46	5.81	0.21	0.41	99.38
	4	0.50	8.01 ± 0.03	0.28 ± 0.10	33.13	0.16	66.71	94.48	0.27	5.25	0.27	0.10	99.63
82.8%	1	0.49	2.00 ± 0.00	2.97 ± 0.10	31.40	1.93	66.66	91.80	2.81	5.39	0.66	1.49	97.85
	2	0.59	3.70 ± 0.04	1.54 ± 0.10	35.96	1.10	62.94	93.63	1.46	4.91	0.28	0.88	98.84
	3	0.49	5.73 ± 0.06	0.86 ± 0.10	32.44	0.51	67.05	94.57	0.82	4.61	0.26	0.35	99.39
70.0%	1	0.50	2.00 ± 0.00	4.52 ± 0.10	31.40	1.93	66.67	91.08	4.31	4.61	0.32	0.69	98.99
	2	0.35	4.89 ± 0.04	3.43 ± 0.10	24.52	1.16	74.32	92.72	3.30	3.98	0.19	0.40	99.42
	3	0.51	6.86 ± 0.06	2.80 ± 0.10	32.57	1.16	66.27	92.85	2.67	4.48	0.12	0.34	99.53
	4	0.50	8.87 ± 0.06	2.40 ± 0.10	32.27	0.93	66.80	91.77	2.26	5.97	0.05	0.21	99.74

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