Oleic acid content (a, c) and protein content (b, d) for sunflower plants sown on five planting (November), Dec (December), Jan (January), Feb (February), and Mar (March) in the 2020/2021 (a and b) and 2021/2022 (c and d) austral summer seasons in Pretoria. Oleic acid content (e, g) and protein content (f, h) for sunflower plants sown on three planting dates: Nov (November), Jan (January), and Feb (February) in the 2020/2021 season (e and f) and 2021/2022 (g and h) seasons in Potchefstroom. Similar letters on top of error bars indicate no significant differences between planting dates using Tukey’s HSD test; error bars represent standard error, and n = 3 per planting date.