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Table 1
Estimated sesame yield losses along the production-to-consumption chain.
| Stage of loss in the production chain | Estimated quantity (kg ha−1) | Loss (%) (low-yield farm) | Loss (%) (hight-yield farm) | Primary causes | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-harvest losses | 60–75 | 10.0–12.5 | 5.0–6.3 | Pests, diseases, and weed competition | Gholamhoseini (2023) |
| Harvest losses | 75–85 | 12.5–14.2 | 6.3–7.1 | Asynchronous capsule ripening, high shattering tendency, manual harvest, and human error | Kelali et al. (2014) |
| Losses during postharvest drying | 34–36 | 5.7–6.0 | 2.8–3.0 | Over-drying immature seeds and pest infestation | Gebretsadik et al. (2019) |
| Losses during threshing | 6–8 | 1.0–1.3 | 0.5–0.7 | Manual threshing, lack of proper equipment | Kailashkumar (2019) |
| Losses due to unthreshed capsules | 2–4 | 0.3–0.7 | 0.2–0.3 | Improper drying leading to incomplete dehiscence | Usman et al. (2022) |
| Cleaning and sorting losses | 2–4 | 0.3–0.7 | 0.2–0.3 | Poor packaging, inadequate transportation | Usman et al. (2022) |
| Transportation losses (field to main storage) | 2–4 | 0.3–0.7 | 0.2–0.3 | Inadequate packaging | Neme et al. (2020) |
| Storage losses | 2–4 | 0.3–0.7 | 0.2–0.3 | Substandard storage conditions | Berhe et al. (2023) |
| Market packaging losses | 6–8 | 1.0–1.3 | 0.5–0.7 | Manual packaging, operator-related inefficiencies | Nyo et al. (2021) |
| Processing losses (e.g., tahini production) | 8–10 | 1.3–1.7 | 0.7–0.8 | Lack of modern processing facilities | Nyo et al. (2021) |
| Unforeseen losses | 2–4 | 0.3–0.7 | 0.2–0.3 | Not specified | Usman et al. (2022) |
| Total estimated losses | 199–242 | 33.2–40.3 | 16.6–20.2 |
Average yield of low and high farm yield ≈ 600 and 1200 kg ha−1, respectively.
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