Table 2
Assessment of the heat required for the desolventization of the meal and distillation of the miscella of 1000 kg of soybean flakes based on the assumption that hexane marc would contain ∼30% of solvent.
n-Hexane | iso-Hexane | Cyc.Hexane | MeOH | EtOH* | IPA* | Acetone* | Acetone | MEK | EA | DCM | 2-MeOx | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Input flakes (kg) Mf | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
Oil in flakes (kg) Mo | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 |
Water in Flakes (kg) Mw | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Water in Flakes after drying (kg) M ’ w | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 10 | 60 | 70 | 70 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Flakes drying (MJ) Qd | 396 | 110 | 83 | 83 | ||||||||
Defatted flakes (kg) | 830 | 830 | 830 | 830 | 740 | 790 | 800 | 800 | 830 | 830 | 830 | 830 |
Solvent in the marc (kg) α | 248 | 248 | 249 | 423 | 357 | 359 | 292 | 292 | 288 | 304 | 304 | 282 |
Solvent in the miscella (kg) β | 680 | 680 | 680 | 3 230 | 2 259 | 1 530 | 680 | 680 | 680 | 680 | 680 | 680 |
DT water in vapours @ azeotrope+5% (kg) γ | 16 | 16 | 26 | 12 | 23 | 57 | 5 | 5 | 52 | 32 | 8 | 37 |
DT Enthalpy of water in vapours (MJ) A | 35 | 35 | 58 | 27 | 50 | 126 | 10 | 10 | 114 | 70 | 18 | 82 |
DT Enthalpy of solvent vaporisation (MJ) B | 83 | 80 | 90 | 837 | 304 | 239 | 152 | 152 | 128 | 131 | 100 | 103 |
DT-sensible heat (MJ) C | 78 | 80 | 65 | 77 | 51 | 51 | 83 | 83 | 57 | 66 | 110 | 64 |
Total DT heat (MJ) A+B+C = D | 196 | 195 | 213 | 940 | 405 | 417 | 245 | 245 | 298 | 267 | 228 | 248 |
Mass/water condensed direct steam (kg) ε | 34 | 33 | 32 | 191 | 74 | 61 | 49 | 49 | 39 | 41 | 44 | 35 |
Water content of the meal π | 15.5% | 15.4% | 15.3% | 28.5% | 10.3% | 14.2% | 14.0% | 14.0% | 16.0% | 16.2% | 16.5% | 15.6% |
Enthalpy in DT vapours (MJ) A+B = E | 118 | 115 | 148 | 864 | 354 | 365 | 162 | 162 | 242 | 201 | 117 | 184 |
Water content in the miscella (kg) u | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 106 | 213 | 28 | 28 | 93 | 21 | 1 | 31 |
Enthalpy for miscella distillation (MJ) F | 262 | 244 | 280 | 6 453 | 2 225 | 1 562 | 447 | 447 | 544 | 376 | 253 | 353 |
Residual miscella distillation (MJ) F-E = G | 156 | 141 | 147 | 5 675 | 1 906 | 1 233 | 301 | 301 | 327 | 195 | 147 | 187 |
Water to remove from the meal (kg) q | 34 | 34 | 33 | 191 | − | 21 | 19 | 19 | 39 | 42 | 44 | 66 |
Enthalpy for meal drying (MJ)W | 83 | 83 | 80 | 468 | 0 | 52 | 48 | 48 | 95 | 102 | 109 | 162 |
Reaching extraction temperature (MJ) X / X’ | 119 | 117 | 141 | 372 | 174 | 153 | 63 | 109 | 199 | 171 | 29 | 152 |
Final heat consumption (MJ) D+G+W | 555 | 535 | 581 | 7 455 | 975 | 731 | 437 | 785 | 919 | 736 | 513 | 750 |
Final heat consumption (kWh/t of flakes) | 154 | 149 | 161 | 2 071 | 271 | 203 | 121 | 218 | 255 | 204 | 142 | 208 |
Variation vs hexane | 0% | -3% | 5% | 1244% | 76% | 32% | -21% | 42% | 66% | 33% | -8% | 35% |
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