Source: Prepared by the authors.

Notes: (1) Total oil crop production as in 2014 base year (FAO, 2018). (2) Oil crop expansions over native vegetation (HCSL) were estimated by the authors for approximately the last ten years of historical values, based on literature review and assumptions described in this assessment report. Native vegetation includes forestlands and natural grasslands, as well as peatlands. (3) Uncertainties involved: some peatlands may be misclassified in the assessed databases and not included as either forestlands or grasslands, but instead in the category of other lands, which includes deserts, ice covers, settlements and infrastructure. This may be particularly critical for Malaysia, which may have its potential impacts underestimated. (4) Annual oil crop expansion from 2006–2016 (FAO, 2018). Annual oil crop expansion over native vegetation based on estimates described in the report, including assumptions for GHG emissions from IPCC (2000), and all carbon release from deforestation occurring within the same year. (5) Although Malaysia shows a net afforestation/reforestation based on FAO (2018), it has expanded part of its oil palm area over forestland, peatland and bare soils, which may be classified as “other land” (see Appendix A). (6) The oil fraction yield for soybean is 20% for the calculations shown in this table. ROW – Rest of the World.