In the control condition, APP and BACE1 are present inside and outside lipid rafts at the plasma membrane. Raising cholesterol at the plasma membrane induces: i) relocalization of APP and BACE1 in lipid rafts and their rapid internalization assessed by Fluorescence correlation Spectroscopy in enlarged and clustered endosomes (Marquer et al., 2011; Marquer et al., 2014); ii) increase of APP and BACE1 proximity assessed by Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence-Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging-Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (TIRF-FLIM-FRET) microscopy (Marquer et al., 2011); iii) increase of production of Aβ peptides (Cossec et al., 2010a; Cossec et al., 2010b; Marquer et al., 2014).