Flavor profiles of monovarietal virgin olive oils produced in the Oriental region of Morocco | OCL

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Table 1

Percentage peak areas of identified volatile compounds by SPME-GC/MS technique in monovarietal virgin olive oils of Morocco's Oriental region.

Volatile compounds (%)	KI	KI_ref	Varieties

			Arbequina	Arbosana	Koroneiki
Organic acids
Acetic acid	1450	1450	3.98 ± 0.28^a	4.83 ± 0.34^b	14.40 ± 0.30^c
Propionic acid	1538	1537	0.13 ± 0.03^a	0.26 ± 0.05^b	0.42 ± 0.05^c
Pivalic acid	1575	1575	0.23 ± 0.04^a	0.25 ± 0.04^a	0.26 ± 0.12^a
Butyric acid	1624	1616	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.07 ± 0.00^a	0.13 ± 0.05^b
Hexanoic acid	>1800	1829	0.14 ± 0.02^a	0.17 ± 0.01^a	0.26 ± 0.05^b
Ʃ Organic acids			4.53 ± 0.23^a	5.58 ± 0.35^b	15.47 ± 0.31^c
Alcohols
Ethanol	928	932	1.23 ± 0.17^a	0.95 ± 0.21^a	1.34 ± 0.63^a
3-Cyclopenten-1-ol	1104	–	0.11 ± 0.00^b	0.13 ± 0.02^c	ND^a
1-Penten-3-ol	1159	1164	2.38 ± 0.24^a	3.19 ± 0.41^b	2.65 ± 0.13^a
3-Methylbutan-1-ol	1204	1211	0.36 ± 0.02^b	0.31 ± 0.02^a	0.45 ± 0.06^c
1-Pentanol	1250	1250	0.21 ± 0.03^b	0.13 ± 0.01^a	0.33 ± 0.03^c
cis-2-Penten-1-ol	1317	1313	2.31 ± 0.13^a	3.42 ± 0.08^b	4.67 ± 0.29^c
1-Hexanol	1351	1354	4.46 ± 0.23^b	2.30 ± 0.09^a	2.39 ± 0.07^a
trans-3-Hexen-1-ol	1360	1366	0.26 ± 0.02^b	0.19 ± 0.06^a	0.40 ± 0.01^c
cis-3-Hexen-1-ol	1379	1385	8.83 ± 0.53^a	8.80 ± 0.18^a	14.53 ± 0.37^b
trans-2-Hexen-1-ol	1401	1408	3.82 ± 0.19^b	3.74 ± 0.09^b	2.14 ± 0.20^a
Propylene glycol	1586	1594	0.19 ± 0.03^c	0.15 ± 0.03^b	0.09 ± 0.04^a
Phenylmethanol	1650	1661	0.03 ± 0.01^a	0.05 ± 0.01^b	0.07 ± 0.01^c
2-Furylmethanol	>1800	–	0.06 ± 0.01^a	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.04^b
Phenol	>1800	–	0.04 ± 0.00^a	0.05 ± 0.01^a	0.04 ± 0.00^a
Ʃ Alcohols			24.29 ± 1.13^b	23.49 ± 0.38^a	29.30 ± 0.40^c
Aldehydes
Hexanal	1072	1074	6.54 ± 0.34^c	3.61 ± 0.26^b	3.22 ± 0.23^a
trans-2-Pentenal	1125	1117	0.32 ± 0.05^c	0.29 ± 0.02^b	0.17 ± 0.01^a
cis-2-Hexenal	1141	1187	3.37 ± 0.30^a	4.96 ± 0.45^b	4.72 ± 0.40^b
trans-2-Hexenal	1210	1216	47.14 ± 2.95^b	46.55 ± 0.88^b	5.81 ± 0.70^a
trans,trans-2,4-Hexadiènal	1394	1397	0.30 ± 0.02^a	0.47 ± 0.04^c	0.36 ± 0.03^b
Ʃ Aldehydes			57.67±3.35^b	55.87 ± 0.83^b	14.28 ± 0.84^a
Esters
Methyl acetate	827	828	1.68 ± 0.31^a	1.59 ± 0.07^a	8.04 ± 0.57^b
Ethyl acetate	889	892	1.07 ± 0.22^a	1.49 ± 0.28^a	8.21 ± 0.78^b
Hexyl acetate	1270	1274	0.27 ± 0.03^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a	1.15 ± 0.15^b
trans-3-Hexen-1-ol acetate	1312	1316	1.98 ± 0.08^a	5.54 ± 0.11^b	14.11 ± 0.80^c
Methyl benzoate	1611	–	0.05 ± 0.01^b	ND^a	ND^a
Ʃ Esters			5.05 ± 0.29^a	8.83 ± 0.32^b	31.51 ± 1.23^c
Ketones
3-Pentanone	972	977	3.88 ± 0.48^a	3.94 ± 0.43^a	4.02 ± 0.54^a
Ʃ Ketones			3.88 ± 0.48^a	3.94 ± 0.43^a	4.02 ± 0.54^a
Other compounds
3-Ethyl-1,5-octadiene	1006	–	0.21 ± 0.03^a	0.20 ± 0.03^a	2.00 ± 0.23^b
α-Pinene	1011	1020	1.57 ± 0.17^b	1.03 ± 0.13^a	1.12 ± 0.05^a
4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene	1240	–	0.06 ± 0.02^a	0.21 ± 0.02^c	0.15 ± 0.03^b
5-Ethyl-2(5H)-furanone	1592	–	0.51 ± 0.02^a	0.81 ± 0.06^c	0.74 ± 0.06^b
Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone	1616	1640	0.08 ± 0.03^a	0.10 ± 0.04^a	0.29 ± 0.07^b
Ʃ Other compounds			2.42 ± 0.24^a	2.35 ± 0.16^a	4.30 ± 0.21^b
*Ʃ C6*			76.98 ± 4.21^b	76.37 ± 0.96^b	48.82 ± 1.03^a
*Ʃ C5*			9.15 ± 0.43^a	10.90 ± 0.60^b	12.36 ± 1.68^c

The values are the means of three different olive oil samples ± standard deviation. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the same line are indicated by different letters (a–c). KI, Kovats Index calculated on DB-Wax column; KI_ref, literature Kovats index using DB-Wax stationary phase (Wong and Bernhard, 1988; Buttery et al., 2000; Ruther, 2000; Ferreira et al., 2001; Umano et al., 2002; García-González et al., 2007; García-González and Aparicio, 2010); ND, not identified.

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