Open Access
Review
Issue |
OCL
Volume 28, 2021
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 23 | |
Number of page(s) | 14 | |
Section | Quality - Food safety | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2021011 | |
Published online | 26 March 2021 |
- Abbas Z, You Kok Y, Shaari AH, Khalid K, Hassan J, Saion E. 2005. Complex permittivity and moisture measurements of oil palm fruits using an open-ended coaxial sensor. Sensors J IEEE 5(6): 1281–1287. [Google Scholar]
- Afandi AM, Zulkifli H, Khalid H, Hasnol O, Zuhaili HAZAN, Zuraidah T. 2016. Oil palm fertilizer recommandation for Sabah soils. Oil Palm Bull 72: 1–24. [Google Scholar]
- Akusu MO, Achinewhu SC, Mitchell J. 2000. Quality attributes and storage stability of locally and mechanically extracted crude palm oils in selected communities in Rivers and Bayelsa States, Nigeria. Plant Foods Human Nutr 55: 119–126. [Google Scholar]
- Albert M-ME, Astride EM. 2013. Some quality parameters of crude palm oil from major markets of Douala, Cameroon. Afr J Food Sci 7(12): 473–478. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajfs2013.1014. [Google Scholar]
- Alfatni MSM, Shariff ARM, Shafri HZM, Saaed OMB, Eshanta OM. 2008. Oil palm fruit bunch grading system using red, green and blue digital number. J Appl Sci 8(8): 1444–1452. [Google Scholar]
- Ali FS, Shamsuddin R, Yunus R. 2014. Effect of chopping oil palm fruit spikelets on the free fatty acid content release rate and its mechanical properties. Int J Res Eng Technol 3(1): 511–516. [Google Scholar]
- Almeida DTD, Viana TV, Costa MM, Silva CDS, Feitosa S. 2019. Effects of different storage conditions on the oxidative stability of crude and refined palm oil, olein and stearin (Elaeis guineensis). Food Sci Technol 39(suppl 1): 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.43317. [Google Scholar]
- Aniołowska M, Kita A. 2015. The effect of type of oil and degree of degradation on glycidyl esters content during the frying of french fries. J Am Oil Chem Soc 92: 1621–1631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-015-2715-3. [Google Scholar]
- Ariffin AA. 2001. The effect of CPO quality parameters (FFA, M&I, IV, PV, AV, DOBI and colour) on the refinery production efficiency. In: Paper presented at the 2000 National Seminar on Palm Oil Milling, Refining Technology, Quality and Environment, Pahang, Malaysia. [Google Scholar]
- Augustin G, Anne MN, Armand AB, Moses MC. 2015. Some physicochemical characteristics and storage stability of crude palm oils (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Am J Food Sci Technol 3(4): 97–102. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajfst-3-4-1. [Google Scholar]
- Azahar TM, Mustapha JC, Mazliham S, Boursier P. 2011. Temporal analysis of Basal Stem Rot disease in oil palm plantations: An analysis on peat soil. Int J Eng Technol 11(3): 96–101. [Google Scholar]
- Bahadi MA, Japir A-W., Salih N, Salimon J. 2016. Free Fatty Acids Separation from Malaysian High Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Oil Using Molecular Distillation. Malay J Anal Sci 20(5): 1042–1051. https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2005-08. [Google Scholar]
- Bakhiya N, Abraham K, Gurtler R, Appel KE, Lampen A. 2011. Toxicological assessment of 3-chloropropane-1, 2-diol and glycidol fatty acid esters in food. Mol Nutr Food Res 55(4): 509–521. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000550. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Basiron Y, Weng CK. 2004. The oil palm and its sustainability. J Oil Palm Res 16(1): 1–10. [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
- Basyuni M, Amri N, Putri LAP, Syahputra I, Arifiyanto D. 2017. Characteristics of fresh fruit bunch yield and the physicochemical qualities of palm oil during storage in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Ind J Chem 17(2): 182–190. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.24910. [Google Scholar]
- Berger KG. 2006. Understanding oils and fats. Global Oil Fat Bus Mag 3(4). [Google Scholar]
- Berger KG. 2010. Recommended practices for storage and transport of edible oils and fats. Retrieved from http://www.palmoilworld.org/PDFs/Storage.pdf. [Google Scholar]
- Cadena T, Prada F, Perea A, Romero HM. 2013. Lipase activity, mesocarp oil content, and iodine value in oil palm fruits of Elaeis guineensis, Elaeis oleifera, and the interspecific hybrid O × G (E. oleifera × E. guineensis). J Sci Food Agric 93(3): 674–680. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5940. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chew S-C, Chin-Ping T, Lai O-M, Nyam K-L. 2018. Changes in 3-MCPD esters, glycidyl esters, bioactive compounds and oxidation indexes during kenaf seed oil refining. Food Sci Biotechnol 27(3): 905–914. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0295-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chong CL, Gapor MT. 1983. Effects of moisture and trace metals on oil quality. Palm Oil Research Institute Malaysia. [Google Scholar]
- Chung AYK. 2018. Crude palm oil de-chlorination. Palm Oil Eng Bull 128(2018): 51–57. [Google Scholar]
- Craft BD, Nagy K, Seefelder W, Dubois M, Destaillats F. 2012. Glycidyl esters in refined palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil and related fractions. Part II: practical recommendations for effective mitigation. Food Chem 132(1): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.034. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Darras KFA, Corre MD, Formaglio G, et al. 2019. Reducing Fertilizer and Avoiding Herbicides in Oil Palm Plantations − Ecological and Economic Valuations. Front Forests Global Change 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00065. [Google Scholar]
- de Almeida Rios S, Vieira da Cunha RN, Lopes R, et al. 2018. Correlation and Path analysis for yield components in Dura oil palm germplasm. Ind Crops Prod 112: 724–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.054. [Google Scholar]
- Ebongue GFN, Dhouib R, Carrière F, Zollo PHA, Arondel V. 2006. Assaying lipase activity from oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) mesocarp. Plant Phys Biochem 44(10): 611–617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.09.006. [Google Scholar]
- Efeca. 2016. Comparison of the ISPO, MSPO and RSPO. [Google Scholar]
- Ekwenye UN. 2006. Chemical characteristics of palm oil biodeterioration. Biokemistri 18(2): 141–149. [Google Scholar]
- Eng TG, Tat MM. 1985. Quality control in fruit processing. J Am Oil Chem Soc 62(2): 274–282. [Google Scholar]
- Faridah DN, Lioe HN, Palupi NS, Kahfi J. 2015. Detection of FFA and PV values using FTIR for quality measurement in palm oil frying activities. J Oil Palm Res 27(2): 156–167. [Google Scholar]
- Gao B, Li Y, Huang G, Yu L. 2019. Fatty Acid Esters of 3-Monochloropropanediol: A Review. Ann Rev Food Sci Technol 10(1): 259–284. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121245. [Google Scholar]
- Hadi S, Ahmad D, Akande FB. 2009. Determination of the bruise indexes of oil palm fruits. J Food Eng 95(2): 322–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.05.010. [Google Scholar]
- Halim RM, Ngan MA. 2001. Effect of temperature on the quality of fresh crude palm oil at different stages of processing. Oil Palm Bull 43: 31–37. [Google Scholar]
- Hassan A, Mohammad JA. 2005. Regulations on Quality of FFB. Oil Palm Bull 50: 31–38. [Google Scholar]
- Hawari Y, Halim RM, Aziz AA. 2018. Review on technologies advancement for particulate emision reduction in palm oil mill. Palm Oil Eng Bull (129): 42–53. [Google Scholar]
- Hayyan A, Mjalli FS, Hashim MA, AlNashef IM. 2013. Conversion of free fatty acids in low grade crude palm oil to methyl esters for biodiesel production using chromosulfuric acid. Bulg Chem Commun 45(3): 394–399. [Google Scholar]
- Henderson J, Osborne DJ. 1991. Lipase activity in ripening and mature fruit of the oil palm − stability in vivo and in vitro. Phytochemistry 30(4): 1073–1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95175-6. [Google Scholar]
- Hosseini SE, Wahid MA. 2015. Pollutant in palm oil production process. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 65(7): 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.873092. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ishak WIW, Bardaie MZ, Hamid AMA. 2000. Optical properties for mechanical harvesting of oil palm FFB. J Oil Palm Res 12: 38–45. [Google Scholar]
- Ishak WIW, Hudzari MR. 2010. Image based modeling for oil palm fruit maturity prediction. Int J Food Agric Environ 8(2): 469–476. [Google Scholar]
- Jacobsberg B, Ho OC. 1976. Studies in palm oil crystallization. J Am Oil Chem Soc 53(10): 609–617. [Google Scholar]
- Japir AA-W, Salimon J, Derawi D, Bahadi M, Al-Shuja’a S, Yusop MR. 2017. Physicochemical characteristics of high free fatty acid crude palm oil. OCL 24(5): D506. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2017033. [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
- Joint WHO-FAO expert consultation on diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases. 2003. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916.pdf;jsessionid=3CA350E9D87905AC4005DEB9457C0010?sequence=1 (Retrieved from 15/4/2020). [Google Scholar]
- Junaidah MJ, Norizzah AR, Zaliha O. 2013. Effect of sterilization process on deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) of crude palm oil (CPO) extracted from different degree of oil palm ripeness. Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinform 3(4): 322–327. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJBBB2013.V3.223. [Google Scholar]
- Junaidah MJ, Norizzah AR, Zaliha O, Mohamad S. 2015. Optimisation of sterilisation process for oil palm fresh fruit bunch at different ripeness. Int Food Res J 22(1): 275–282. [Google Scholar]
- Jusoh JM, Rashid NA, Omar Z. 2013. Effect of sterilization process on deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) of crude palm oil (CPO) extracted from different degree of oil palm ripeness. Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinform 3(4): 322–327. [Google Scholar]
- Kadandale S, Marten R, Smith R. 2019. The palm oil industry and noncommunicable diseases. Bull World Health Organ 97(2): 118–128. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.220434. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kadir APG. 2019. Penguatkuasaan Tambahan Syarat Lesen yang Dikenakan bagi Pemegang Lesen dalam Kategori Kilang Buah Kelapa Sawit (MF), Kilang Penapis (RF), Pengeksport Keluaran Kelapa Sawit (PX) dan Pengimport Keluaran Kelapa Sawit (PM): Keselamatan Makanan dan Minyak Sawit yang Berkualiti, in: Berhad MPO, ed. (9)4/C/PD/656/4 Jil. 5. MPOB, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. [Google Scholar]
- Kasmin H, Lazim AM, Awang R. 2016. Effect of heat treatments on the yield, quality and storage stability of oil extracted from palm fruits. Malay J Anal Sci 20(6): 1373–1381. [Google Scholar]
- Kassim MSM, Ramli AR, Ismail WIW, Bejo SK. 2011. Oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) growth determination system to support harvesting operation. J Food Agric Environ 10(2): 620–625. [Google Scholar]
- Kellens M, Gibon V, Hendrix M, De Greyt W. 2007. Palm oil fractionation. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 109(4): 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600309. [Google Scholar]
- Keong MS. 2017. Kegemilangan 100 tahun industri sawit dan wawasan hadapan. Berita Harian. Retrieved from https://www.bharian.com.my/node/283365. [Google Scholar]
- Khalid K, Abbas Z. 1992. A Microstrip Sensor for Determination of Harvesting Time for Oil Palm Fruits (Tenera: Elaeis Guineensis). J Microw Power Electromagn Energy 27(1): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/08327823.1992.11688165. [Google Scholar]
- Krisdiarto AW, Sutiarso L. 2016. Study on Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Bruise in Harvesting and Transportation to Quality. Makara J Technol 20(2): 67–72. https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v20i2.3058. [Google Scholar]
- Krualee S, Sdoodee S, Eksomtramage T, Sereeprasert V. 2013. Correlation and path analysis of palm oil yield components in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Nat Sci 47(4): 528–533. [Google Scholar]
- Kumar P, Krishna G. 2014. Physico-chemical characteristics and nutraceutical distribution of crude palm oil and its fractions. Grasas y Aceites 65(2). https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.097413. [Google Scholar]
- Kumaradevan D, Chuah KH, Moey LK, Mohan V, Wan WT. 2015. Optimising the operational parameters of a spherical steriliser for the treatment of oil palm fresh fruit bunch. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 88(1): 012031. Retrieved from http://stacks.iop.org/1757-899X/88/i=1/a=012031. [Google Scholar]
- Kuntom A, Ai TY, Kamaruddin N, Beng YC. 2007. Pesticide application in the oil palm plantation. Oil Palm Bull 54: 52–67. [Google Scholar]
- Lau HLN, Choo YM, Ma AN, Chuah CH. 2006. Characterization and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of palm oil (Elaeis Guineensis). J Food Lipids 13(2): 210–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2006.00046.x. [Google Scholar]
- Lim CI, Biswas W, Samyudia Y. 2015. Review of Existing Sustainability Assessment Methods for Malaysian Palm Oil Production. Proc CIRP 26: 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.08.020. [Google Scholar]
- Malaysian Standard M. 2007. Palm Oil-Specification (Second revision). [Google Scholar]
- Matthäus B. 2007. Use of palm oil for frying in comparison with other high-stability oils. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 109(4): 400–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200600294. [Google Scholar]
- Mattson FH, Beck LW. 1955. The digestion in vitro of triglycerides by pancreatic lipase. J Biol Chem 214. [Google Scholar]
- Mba OI, Dumont M-J, Ngadi M. 2015. Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry − A review. Food Biosci 10: 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2015.01.003. [Google Scholar]
- Menon NAINR. 2017. Mitigation for 3-MCPD esters at palm oil mills. Palm Oil Eng Bull 124: 11–15. [Google Scholar]
- Merwe GH, Plessis LM, Taylor JR. 2003. Changes in chemical quality indices during long-term storage of palm-olein oil under heated storage and transport-type conditions. J Sci Food Agric 84: 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1609. [Google Scholar]
- Morcillo F, Cros D, Billotte N, et al. 2013. Improving palm oil quality through identification and mapping of the lipase gene causing oil deterioration. Nat Commun 4: 2160. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3160. [Google Scholar]
- MPOB. 2007. Code of Practice. Retrieved from http://sustainability.mpob.gov.my/?page_id=378. [Google Scholar]
- MPOB. 2014. Statement on 3-MCPD Esters [Press release]. [Google Scholar]
- MPOB. 2015. Manual Penggredan Buah Kelapa Sawit (Manual of Oil Palm Fruit Grading). MPOB: Malaysian Palam Oil Berhad. [Google Scholar]
- MPOC. The Oil Palm Tree. Retrieved from https://mpoc.eu/the-oil-palm-tree/. [Google Scholar]
- Muhamad H, Ramli MI, Zakaria Z, Sahid I. 2010. Determination of Diuron in crude palm oil and rude palm kernel oil by solid phase extraction and high performane liquid chromatography using ultra violet detection from MPOB. [Google Scholar]
- Muhammad H, Hashim Z, Subramaniam V, et al. 2010. Life cycle assessment of oil palm seedling production (Part 1). J Oil Palm Res 22: 878–886. [Google Scholar]
- Mundi I. 2020. Palm oil production by country in 1000 MT. https://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?commodity=palm-oil&graph=production (Retrieved from 15/4/2020). [Google Scholar]
- Muthumari GM, Thilagavathi S, Hariram N. 2016. Industrial enzymes: Lipase producing microbes from waste volatile substances. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res 7(5): 2201–2208. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR0975-8232.7. [Google Scholar]
- Nagendran B, Unnithan UR, Choo YM, Sundram K. 2000. Characteristics of Red Palm Oil, a Carotene- and Vitamin E-Rich Refined Oil for Food Uses. Food Nutr Bull 21(2): 189–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650002100213. [Google Scholar]
- Nations and WHO. 2017. Codex Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (CODEX-STAN 210-1999). In: Comments on discussion paper on the replacement of acid value with free fatty acids for virgin palm oils in the standard for named vegetable oils, Malaysia. [Google Scholar]
- Nazir MS, Abdullah MA, Ariwahjoedi B, Yussof AW. 2012. Hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) in palm oil processing to improve the productivity and food quality of palm oil vegetation in Perak, Malaysia. Rev Científica UDO Agrícola 12(1): 197–200. [Google Scholar]
- Ngassapaa FN, Nyandoroa SS, Mwaisakab TR. 2012. Effect of temperature on the physicochemical properties of traditionally processed vegetable oils and their blends. Tanz J Sci 38(3): 166–176. [Google Scholar]
- Norris FA. 1979. Handling storage and grading of oils and oil-bearing materials. In: Bailey AE, Swern D, Formo MW, eds. Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 479–510. [Google Scholar]
- Obibuzor JU, Okogbenin EA, Abigor RD. 2012. Oil recovery from palm fruits and palm kernel. In: Lai O-M, Tan C-P, Akoh CC, eds. Palm Oil: Production, Processing, Characterization, and Uses. Academic Press and AOCS Press, pp. 299–328. [Google Scholar]
- Odia OJ, Ofori S, Maduka O. 2015. Palm oil and the heart: A review. World J Cardiol 7(3): 144–149. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i3.144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Okolo JC, Adejumo BA. 2014. Effect of bleaching on some quality attributes of cude palm oil. IOSR J Eng (IOSRJEN) 04(12): 25–28. [Google Scholar]
- Oo KC, Teh SK, Khor HT, Ong ASH. 1985. Fatty acid synthesis in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis): Incorporation of acetate by tissue slices of the developing fruit. Lipids 20(4): 205–210. [Google Scholar]
- Owolarafe OK, Osunleke AS, Odejobi OA, Ajadi SO, Faborode MO. 2008. Mathematical modelling and simulation of the hydraulic expression of oil from oil palm fruit. Biosyst Eng 101(3): 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2008.08.007. [Google Scholar]
- Paradiso VM, Gomes T, Nasti R, Caponio F, Summo C. 2010. Effects of free fatty acids on the oxidative processes in purified olive oil. Food Res Int 43(5): 1389–1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.015. [Google Scholar]
- Poku K. 2002. Small-scale palm oil processing in Africa. Fao Agric Services Bull 148. [Google Scholar]
- Pudel F, Benecke P, Fehling P, Freudenstein A, Bertrand M, Schwaf A. 2011. On the necessity of edible oil refining and possible sources of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 113: 368–373. [Google Scholar]
- Ramli MR, Siew WL, Ibrahim NA, Kuntom A, Abd Razak RA. 2015. Other factors to consider in the formation of chloropropandiol fatty esters in oil processes. Food Additives Contaminants: Part A 32(6): 817–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1032368. [Google Scholar]
- Ramli NAS, Mohd NMA, Musa H, Ghazali R. 2017. Stability evaluation of quality parameters for palm oil products at low temperature storage. J Sci Food Agric 98(9): 3351–3362. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8839. [Google Scholar]
- Rangkuti IUP, Julianti E, Elisabeth J. 2018. The tocol content of crude palm oil based on the level ripeness and their relationship to the quality and their stability. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 122. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012081. [Google Scholar]
- Razali MH, Ishak WIW, Rahman RA, Nasir SM, Haniff HM. 2009. Development of image based modeling for determination of oil content and days estimation for harvesting of fresh fruit bunches. Int J Food Eng 5(2): 12–30. [Google Scholar]
- Rival A, Montet D, Pioch D. 2016. Certification, labelling and traceability of palm oil: can we build confidence from trustworthy standards? OCL 23(6). https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2016042. [Google Scholar]
- Sambanthamurthi R, Cheang OK, Parman SH. 1995. Factors Affecting Lipase Activity in the Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Mesocarp. In: Kader J-C, Mazliak P, eds. Plant Lipid Metabolism. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer, pp. 555–557. [Google Scholar]
- Sambanthamurthi R, Chong CL, Oo KC, Rajan P, Yeo KH. 1991. Chilling-induced lipid hydrolysis in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) mesocarp. J Exp Bot 42(9): 1199–1205. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/42.9.1199. [Google Scholar]
- Sambanthamurthi R, Rajanaidu N, Parman SH. 2000. Screening for lipase activity in the oil palm. Biochem Soc Trans 28(6): 769. Retrieved from http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/28/6/769.abstract. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sambanthamurthi R, Singh R, Kadir APG, Abdullah MO, Kushairi A. 2009. Opportunities for the oil palm via breeding and biotechnology. Breed Plant Tree Crops: Trop Spec 377–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71201-7_11. [Google Scholar]
- Sambanthamurthi R, Sundram K, Tan Y-A. 2000. Chemistry and biochemistry of palm oil. Progr Lipid Res 39(6): 507–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-7827(00)00015-1. [Google Scholar]
- Santos MFG, Alves R, Roca M. 2015. Carotenoid composition in oils obtained from palm fruits from the Brazilian Amazon (Vol. 66). [Google Scholar]
- Sharip Z, Hashim N, Suratman S. 2017. Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in a tropical lake basin. Environ Monit Assess 189(11): 560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6274-y. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sheil D, Casson A, Meijaard E, et al. 2009. The impacts and opportunities of oil palm in Southeast Asia: What do we know and what do we need to know? Vol. 51. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research. [Google Scholar]
- Sivasothy K, Halim RM. 2000. Continuous sterilization of fresh fruit bunches − Part 2. Eng News 57: 11–17. [Google Scholar]
- Sivasothy K, Halim RM, Basiron Y. 2005. A new system for continuous sterilization of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. J Oil Palm Res 17: 145–151. [Google Scholar]
- Spaparin N, Krishnan A, Noor AM. 2017. MPOB. [Google Scholar]
- Subramaniam V, May CY, Muhammad H, Hashim Z, Tan YA, Wei PC. 2010. Life cycle assessment of the production of crude palm oil (Part 3). J Oil Palm Res 22: 895–903. [Google Scholar]
- Supriyono J. 2018. Sejarah Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. Retrieved from https://gapki.id/news/3652/video-sejarah-kelapa-sawit-indonesia. [Google Scholar]
- Syahro N, Yunus R, Abidin ZZ, Syafiie S. 2015. Modeling and simulation of heat and mass transfer in oil palm fruit digestion process. J Emerg Trends Eng Appl Sci 6(2): 136–143. [Google Scholar]
- Tagoe SMA, Dickinson MJ, Apetorgbor MM. 2012. Factors influencing quality of palm oil produced at the cottage industry level in Ghana. Int Food Res J 19(1): 271–278. [Google Scholar]
- Tan CH, Ariffin AA, Ghazali HM, et al. 2017. Changes in oxidation indices and minor components of low free fatty acid and freshly extracted crude palm oils under two different storage conditions. J Food Sci Technol 54(7): 1757–1764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2569-9. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tarmizi AHA, Razak RAA, Hammid ANA, Kuntom A. 2019. Effect of Anti-Clouding Agent on the Fate of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Palm Olein during Repeated Frying. Molecules 24(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122332. [Google Scholar]
- Teng WY, Kushairi A, Rajanaidu N, Osman M, Ratnam W, Sambanthamurthi R. 2015. Screening of wild oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) germplasm for lipase activity. J Agric Sci 154(7): 1241–1252. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859615001112. [Google Scholar]
- Tombs MP, Stubbs JM. 1982. The absence of endogenous lipase from oil palm mesocarp. J Sci Food Agric 33(9): 892–897. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740330912. [Google Scholar]
- Wahab NA, Aziz AA, Berahim N, et al. 2017. The quality of oil extracted from palm pressed fibre using aqueous enzymatic treatment. J Oil Palm Res 29: 588–593. [Google Scholar]
- Wong YH, Lai OM, Abas F, et al. 2017. Factors impacting the formation of 3MCPD esters and glycidyl esters during deep fat frying of chicken breast meat. J Am Oil Chem Soc 94(6): 759–765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-017-2991-1. [Google Scholar]
- Xu T-T., Li J, Fan Y-W., Zheng T-W., Deng Z-Y. 2014. Comparison of Oxidative Stability among Edible Oils under Continuous Frying Conditions. Int J Food Prop 18(7): 1478–1490. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2014.913181. [Google Scholar]
- Yamamoto K, Haneishi K. 2014. E.P. Application. [Google Scholar]
- Yassin NMFM. 2018. Washing of CPO – Sime Darby Experience. Mini Seminar on Enhancing the Midstream and Downstream Sectors for Palm Oil: Updates and The Way Forward on 3-MCPDE/GE and Biogas Implementation. Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia: Malaysia Palm Oil Berhad (MPOB). [Google Scholar]
- Yoshida H, Kono U, Kajimoto G. 1992. Participation of free fatty acids in the oxidation of purified soybean oil during microwave heating. J Am Oil Chem Soc 69: 1136–1140. [Google Scholar]
- Zulkefli F, Othman N, Syahlan S, Zaini MR, Bakar MA. 2017. Fresh fruit bunch quality and oil losses in milling processes as factors that affect the extraction rate of palm oil. Int J Agric Forest Plant 5: 99–103. [Google Scholar]
- 唐应彪, 崔新安, 袁海欣, et al. (Tang YB, Cui X, Yuan HX, et al.). 2019. China Patent No. CN105368580A 中.集.股.中石化洛阳工程有 限公司 (Sinopec Luoyang Engineering Co., Ltd.). [Google Scholar]
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.