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Table 4
Parameters used to identify the CPO quality.
| Parameter | Purpose | Correlation with good CPO quality | Allowable limit | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFA content | Determination of the FFA content. Yield will be reduced when FFA content is high. | Low | < 5.0% | (Ariffin, 2001; Halim and Ngan, 2001; Nations and WHO, 2017) |
| PV | Determination of the oxidized products from the lipid peroxidation process. | Low | < 2.0 meq/kg | (Ariffin, 2001; Halim and Ngan, 2001; Malaysian Standard, 2007) |
| AV | Determination of the secondary oxidized products from the lipid peroxidation process. | Low | < 5.0 | (Ariffin, 2001; Malaysian Standard, 2007) |
| IV | Determination of the unsaturated fatty acids or C=C double bonds. | Low | 50.1–54.9 | (Ekwenye, 2006; Malaysian Standard, 2007; Ramli et al., 2017) |
| M&I | Determination of the moisture and impurities. | Low | < 0.25% | (Ariffin, 2001; Bahadi et al., 2016; Halim and Ngan, 2001) |
| DOBI & colour | Determination of the numerical ratio of the UV absorbance of carotene to the UV absorbance of oxidative products. | High | > 2.3 | (Ariffin, 2001; Halim and Ngan, 2001; Malaysian Standard, 2007) |
| Chlorine | Determination of chlorine content. Chlorine will be involved in MCPDE and GE formation. | Low | < 2 ppm | (Kadir, 2019) |
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