Effect of different extraction methods on trace metal elements content of Persian lime (Citrus latifolia) seed oil | OCL

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Table 4

Trace metal elements concentration (mg/kg) in Persian lime seed oil extracted using different methods.

	Extraction method

Heavy metal	Cold-pressing	Solvent extraction	Enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction

			Protamex	Celluclast
Fe	7.3272 ± 0.0263^a	6.9874 ± 0.0266^b	3.25270 ± 0.00503^c	3.0363 ± 0.0423^d
Cu	0.35003 ± 0.00153^a	0.30017 ± 0.00189^b	0.28016 ± 0.00151^c	0.30120 ± 0.00184^b
Ni	0.04654 ± 0.00015^d	0.06331 ± 0.00011^b	0.06985 ± 0.00016^a	0.05336 ± 0.00013^c
Co	0.03648 ± 0.00016^c	0.04245 ± 0.00018^b	0.05455 ± 0.00016^a	0.03342 ± 0.00021^d
Pb	0.00891 ± 0.00003^a	0.00283 ± 0.00001^b	0.00251 ± 0.00001^c	0.00234 ± 0.00002^d
As	ND	ND	ND	ND

ND: not detected. Note: Values given are the means of three replicates ± standard deviation. Means with different letters within a row are significantly different at P < 0.05 (using Tukey’s Multiple Range Test).

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