Issue |
OCL
Volume 8, Number 2, Mars-Avril 2001
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 111 - 116 | |
Section | La filière | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2001.0111 | |
Published online | 15 March 2001 |
NUTRITION Lipides alimentaires et risque de cancer chez l’homme : revue des études d’épidémiologie biochimique
Nutrition Fat in food and the risks of cancer in humans: an overview of biochemical epidemiological research
Centre international de recherche sur le cancer, 150, cours Albert-Thomas, 69372
Lyon Cedex 08, France
Il a été montré expérimentalement qu’un apport alimentaire élevé en graisses et plus particulièrement en acides gras polyinsaturés de la famille n-6 est associé à un risque accru du développement tumoral. A l’opposé, la famille des acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 semble agir, dans ces études, comme agent protecteur. Cependant, la majorité des études prospectives de cohorte ainsi que les études d’épidémiologie biochimique basées sur l’analyse des biomarqueurs de la consommation lipidique ne confirment pas ces résultats. D’autres interventions sont nécessaires avant de conclure que les lipides apportés par l’alimentation sont associés, comme facteurs de risque ou de protection, au développement tumoral.
Abstract
Experimental studies on laboratory animals have generally shown that fat content of diet can modify the tumor yield, either by promoting carcinogenesis (total and n-6 fatty acids) or by protecting (n-3 fatty acids) for the development of carcinoma of the breast, prostate and colon. However, most cohort studies do not confirm this finding. We reviewed epidemiological studies based on biological markers of fat intake. Dietary fat intake is reflected by the concentration of particular fatty acids in adipose tissue, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters fractions of serum, plasma or erythrocyte membranes and provide an independent measurement of dietary intake. The results are conflicting and do not support a clear conclusion on the role of dietary fat in human carcinogenesis. Thus, further investigations are needed before making nutritional recommendations on fat intake for cancer prevention.
Mots clés : biomarqueurs / acides gras / cancer
Key words: biomarker / fatty acids / cancer
© John Libbey Eurotext 2001
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