Issue |
OCL
Volume 7, Number 1, Janvier-Février 2000
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 60 - 63 | |
Section | Dossier : actes des Journées Chevreul “Corps gras, nutrition et santé, questions d’actualité” (Bordeaux, Pessac) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl.2000.0060 | |
Published online | 15 January 2000 |
ASPECTS NUTRITIONNELS DES ACIDES GRAS POLYINSATURES n-3 Augmentation sélective de la sensibilité des tumeurs à la chimiothérapie par les acides gras polyinsaturés n-3
Selective increase in the sensitivity of tumours to chemotherapy with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
CORAD, Hôpital Bretonneau, 37044
Tours Cedex, France
L’alimentation intervient à différents niveaux dans le déroulement de la maladie cancéreuse : au niveau du risque [1] et au niveau de l’évolution en modifiant le risque de survenue des métastases. L’alimentation influence-t-elle aussi la réponse aux traitements anticancéreux ? À l’appui de cette hypothèse viennent deux observations indirectes réalisées dans le cancer du sein : nos données [2, 3] ainsi que les observations épidémiologiques provenant d’autres travaux [4] ont apporté des arguments supportant l’hypothèse que les lipides alimentaires peuvent influencer la réponse des tumeurs mammaires aux traitements. On sait que la composition des lipides membranaires n’est pas génétiquement déterminée, mais qu’elle dépend des acides gras disponibles aux tissus périphériques. Le type d’acides gras disponibles est influencé par les apports alimentaires. Comme les tumeurs incorporent dans leurs lipides les acides gras disponibles de façon similaire aux autres tissus [5], il est plausible que les habitudes alimentaires (apports alimentaires en acides gras polyinsaturés, vitamines anti ou pro-oxydantes) puissent influencer leur chimiosensibilité en apportant aux cellules tumorales des substrats de peroxydation.
Abstract
Since long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are good substrate for peroxydation, a biochemical correlate of cancer cell programmed death and since some cytotoxic agents such as anthracyclins are known to induce oxidative stress, we looked for the effect of PUFA on the response of the cancer disease to anthracyclins-based chemotherapy. We found that breast cancer patients with elevated DHA content in white adipose tissues taken as an indicator of post dietary intake had a better response rate to anthracyclines-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy than patients with low DHA level, suggesting that chemosensitivity of the carcinoma was higher when DHA availability to the tumor tissue was greater. Such a hypothesis was examined using human breast carcinoma cell cultures. Long chain PUFA and especially docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) increased the sensitivity of breast cancer cell lines to anthracyclins. Using the rat model of NMU-induced mammary tumors, we documented an increased efficacy of anthracyclins on mammary tumors without change in cardiac toxicity in the dietary group supplemented with fish oil, enriched in n-3PUFAs, or with purified DHA. This shows that this fatty acid also sensitizes the tumor in vivo. A clinical trial investigating the potential of dietary DHA to increase the response rate of measurable metastatic tumors in breast cancer patients will be conducted shortly.
Key words: n-3 PUFA / docosahexaenoic acid / mammary tumors / chemosensitivity / breast cancer / anthracyclins
© John Libbey Eurotext 2000
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