EDP Sciences logo
Submit your paper
Search
Menu
Home All issues Volume 25 / No 4 (July-August 2018) OCL, 25 4 (2018) A401 References
Open Access
Review
Issue
OCL
Volume 25, Number 4, July-August 2018
Article Number A401
Number of page(s) 15
Section Nutrition - Health
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2017059
Published online 23 January 2018
  • Agus DB, Gambhir SS, Pardridge WM, et al. 1997. Vitamin C crosses the blood-brain barrier in the oxidized form through the glucose transporters. J Clin Inves 100(11): 2842–2848. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Ameur A, Enroth S, Johansson A, et al. 2012. Genetic adaptation of fatty-acid metabolism: a human-specific Haplotype increasing the biosynthesis of long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Am J Hum Genet 90(5): 809–820. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Balzeau A, Grimaud-Hervé D, Détroit F, Holloway RL, Combès B, Prima S. 2013. First description of the Cro-Magnon 1 endocast and study of brain variation and evolution in anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Bull Mém Soc Anthropol Paris 25(1): 1–18. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Bent S, Bertoglio K, Hendren RL. 2009. Omega-3 fatty acids for Autistic Spectrum Disorder: a systematic review. J Autism Dev Disord 39(8): 1145–1154. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Berger L, Gerson CD, Yu TF. 1977. The effect of ascorbic acid on uric acid excretion with a commentary on the renal handling of ascorbic acid. Am J Med 62: 71–76. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Beyer RE. 1994. The role of ascorbate in antioxidant protection of biomembranes: interaction with vitamin E and coenzyme Q. J Bioenerg Biomembr 26(4): 349–358. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bicho N, Haws J. 2008. At the land’s end: marine resources and the importance of fluctuations in the coastline in the prehistoric hunter-gatherer economy of Portugal. Quat Sci Rev 27(23–24): 2166–2175. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Bilsborough S, Mann N. 2006. A review of issues of dietary protein intake in humans. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 16(2): 129–152. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Blumenschine RJ. 1986. Carcass consumption sequences and the archaeological distinction of scavenging and hunting. J Hum Evol 15: 639–659. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Blumenschine RJ, Cavallo JA. 1992. Scavenging and human evolution. Sci Am 267: 90–96. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Bocquet-Appel JP, Demars PY, Noiret L, Dobrowsky D. 2005. Estimates of Upper Palaeolithic meta-population size in Europe from archaeological data. J Archaeol Sci 32: 1656–1668. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Bonofiglio D, Aquila S, Catalano S, et al. 2006. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activates p53 gene promoter binding to the nuclear factor-kappaB sequence in human MCF7 breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 20(12): 3083–3092. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Börjesson SI, Elinder F. 2008. Structure, function, and modification of the voltage sensor in voltage-gated ion channels. Cell Biochem Biophys 52(3): 149–174. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bourgeois JP. 2005. Brain synaptogenesis and epigenesis. Med Sci 1(4): 428–433. [Google Scholar]
  • Bourre JM. 2006. Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: micronutrients. J Nutr Health Aging 10: 377–385. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Boverhof DR, Burgoon LD, Williams KJ, Zacharewski TR. 2008. Inhibition of estrogen-mediated uterine gene expression responses by dioxin. Mol Pharmacol 73(1): 82–93. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Bradbury J. 2005. Molecular insights into human brain evolution. PLoS Biol 3(3): e50. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brandes N, Schmitt S, Jakob U. 2009. Thiol-based Redox switches in Eukaryotic proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal 11(5): 997–1014. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brenna JT, Diau GY. 2007. The influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on central nervous system polyunsaturated fatty acid composition. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 77(5–6): 247–250. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brenna JT, Varamini B, Jensen RG, Diersen-Schade DA, Boettcher JA, Arterburn LM. 2007. Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid concentrations in human breast milk worldwide. Am J Clin Nutr 85(6): 1457–1464. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Broadhurst CL, Cunnane SC, Crawford MA. 1998. Rift Valley lake fish and shellfish provided brain-specific nutrition for early Homo. Br J Nutr 79(1): 3–21. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Broadhurst CL, Wang Y, Crawford MA, Cunnane SC, Parkington JE, Schmidt WF. 2002. Brain-specific lipids from marine, lacustrine, or terrestrial food resources: potential impact on early African Homo sapiens. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 131(4): 653–673. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Brown KS, Marean CW, Herries A, et al. 2009. Fire as an engineering tool of early modern humans. Science 325(5942): 859–862. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Callapez P. 2000. Upper Pleistocene marine invertebrates from Gruta da Figueia Brava (Arrábida, Portugal). Memórias da Academia das Ciencias de Lisboa, Classe de Ciências XXVIII: 83–103. [Google Scholar]
  • Capper EA, Marshall LA. 2001. Mammalian phospholipases A(2): mediators of inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis. Prog Lipid Res 40(3): 167–197. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Carmody RN, Wrangham RW. 2009. The energetic significance of cooking. J Hum Evol 57(4): 379–391. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Carpenter KJ. 1994. Protein and energy: a study of changing ideas in nutrition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Chen JR, Cheng JG, Shatzer T, Sewell L, Hernandez L, Stewart CL. 2000. Leukemia inhibitory factor can substitute for nidatory estrogen and is essential to inducing a receptive uterus for implantation but is not essential for subsequent embryogenesis. Endocrinology 141(12): 4365–4372. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cho HP, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD. 1999. Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the mammalian Delta-6 desaturase. J Biol Chem 274(1): 471–477. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cho HK, Gao X, Curhan G. 2009. Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med 169: 502–507. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Conklin-Brittain NL, Wrangham RW, Smith CC. 1998. Relating Chimpanzee Diets to Potential Australopithecine Diets, 14th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences. Williamsburg, Virginia (USA). [Google Scholar]
  • Cordain L, Watkins BA, Mann NJ. 2001. Fatty acid composition and energy density of foods available to African hominids. Evolutionary implications for human brain development. World Rev Nutr Diet 90: 144–161. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Cunningham SK, Loughlin T, Culliton M, McKenna TJ. 1984. Plasma sex hormone-binding globulin levels decrease during the second decade of life irrespective of pubertal status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 58(5): 915–918. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Dahl-Jensen D, Albert MR, Aldahan A, et al. 2013. Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature 493(7433): 489–494. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Davies KJ, Sevanian A, Muakkassah-Kelly SF, Hochstein P. 1986. Uric acid-iron ion complexes. A new aspect of the antioxidant functions of uric acid. Biochem J 235(3): 747–754. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Defoliart GR. 1991. Insect fatty acids: similar to those of poultry and fish in their degree of unsaturation, but higher in the polyunsaturates. Food Insects Newsl 4(1): 1–8. [Google Scholar]
  • Delplanque B. 2017. Acides gras oméga-3 : de l’acide α-linolénique (ALA) à l’acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA). Lipid Nutri+ 3. [Google Scholar]
  • Demars PY. 2008. Hunterʼs paleogeography of Europe during the Upper Paleolithic: site repartition and specialization. L’Anthropologie 112(2): 157–167. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Drake DR, Brogden KA, Dawson DV, Wertz PW. 2008. Thematic review series: skin lipids. Antimicrobial lipids at the skin surface. J Lipid Res 49: 4–11. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Drouin G, Godin JR, Pagé B. 2011. The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates. Current Genom 12(5): 371–378. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Dutton A, Lambeck K. 2012. Ice volume and sea level during the last interglacial. Science 337(6091): 216–219. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Edmond J, Robbins RA, Bergstrom JD, Cole RA, de Vellis J. 1987. Capacity for substrate utilization in oxidative metabolism by neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes from developing brain in primary culture. Neurosci Res 18(4): 551–561. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • EFSA. 2010. Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA J 8(3): 1461. [Google Scholar]
  • Emory University Health Sciences Center. 2004. Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy have low levels of fatty acids. ScienceDaily. [Google Scholar]
  • Ernest MJ, Kim KH. 1974. Regulation of rat liver glycogen synthetase D. Role of glucose 6-phosphate and enzyme sulfhydryl groups in activity and glycogen binding. J Biol Chem 249: 5011–5018. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Feng Z, Zhang C, Kang HJ, et al. 2011. Regulation of female reproduction by p53 and its family members. FASEB J 25(7): 2245–2255. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Finlayson C, Pacheco FG, Rodríguez-Vidal J, et al. 2006. Late survival of Neanderthals at the southernmost extreme of Europe. Nature 443(7113): 850–853. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Fuster JM. 2002. Frontal lobe and cognitive development. J Neurocytol 31(3–5): 373–385. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ge L, Gordon JS, Hsuan C, Stenn K, Prouty SM. 2003. Identification of the delta-6 desaturase of human sebaceous glands: expression and enzyme activity. J Invest Dermatol 120(5): 707–714. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Glaser C, Lattka E, Rzehak P, Steer C, Koletzko C. 2011. Genetic variation in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and its potential relevance for human development and health. Matern Child Nutr Suppl 2: 27–40. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, et al. 2010. A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science 328: 710–722. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Guil-Guerrero JL, Rincón-Cervera MA, Venegas-Venegas CE, Ramos-Bueno RP, Suárez-Medina MD. 2013. Highly bioavailable α-linolenic acid from the subcutaneous fat of the Palaeolithic relict “Galician horse”. Int Food Res J 20: 3249–3258. [Google Scholar]
  • Guil-Guerrero JL, Tikhonov A, Rodríguez-García I, Protopopov A, Grigoriev S, Ramos-Bueno RP. 2014. The fat from frozen mammals reveals sources of essential fatty acids suitable for Palaeolithic and Neolithic humans. Schunck W-H, ed. PLoS ONE 9(1): e84480. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Hardy BL. 2010. Climatic variability and plant food distribution in Pleistocene Europe: implications for Neanderthal diet and subsistence. Quat Sci Rev 29(5–6): 662–679. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Harrison FE, May JM. 2009. Vitamin C function in the brain: vital role of the ascorbate transporter SVCT2. Free Radic Biol Med 46(6): 719–730. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Henry AG, Brooks AS, Piperno DR. 2011. Microfossils in calculus demonstrate consumption of plants and cooked foods in Neanderthal diets (Shanidar II, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium). Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 108(2): 486–491. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Holliday M. 1971. Metabolic rate and organ size during growth from infancy to maturity and during late gestation and early infancy. Pediatrics 47: 169–172. [Google Scholar]
  • Innis SM, Dyer RA. 2002. Brain astrocyte synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from n-3 fatty acids is limited at the elongation of docosapentaenoic acid. J Lipid Res 43(9): 1529–1536. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Jerison H. 1973. Evolution of the human brain and intelligence. London: Academic Press. [Google Scholar]
  • Johnson RJ, Gaucher EA, Sautin YY, Henderson GN, Angerhofer AJ, Benner SA. 2008. The planetary biology of acid L-ascorbic and uric acid and their relationship with the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Med Hypotheses 71(1): 22–31. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Joost H, Thorens B. 2001. The extended GLUT-family of sugar/polyol transport facilitators: nomenclature, sequence characteristics, and potential function of its novel members. Mol Membr Biol 18(4): 247–256. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Jump DB, 2002. The biochemistry of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 277: 8755–8758. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kang HJ, Feng Z, Sun Y, et al. 2009. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the p53 pathway regulate fertility in humans. Proc Nal Acad Sci USA 106(24): 9761–9766. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Katsuta Y, Iida T, Inomata S, Denda M. 2005. Unsaturated fatty acids induce calcium influx into keratinocytes and cause abnormal differentiation of epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 124(5): 1008–1013. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Katzman JJ. 1993. Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 43: 13–20. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Kay RF. 1985. Dental evidence for the diet of Australopithecus. Ann Rev Anthropol 14: 315–341. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Kratzer JT, Lanaspa MA, Murphy MN, et al. 2014. Evolutionary history and metabolic insights of ancient mammalian uricases. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 111: 3763–3768. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Kuipers RS, Luxwolda MF, Dijck-Brouwer DA, et al. 2010. Estimated macronutrient and fatty acid intakes from an East African Paleolithic diet. Br J Nutr 104(11): 1666–1687. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Lattka E, Illig T, Koletzko B, Heinrich J. 2010. Genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster as related to essential fatty acid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 21 (1): 64–69. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Leonard WR, Robertson ML. 1994. Evolutionary perspectives on human nutrition: the influence of brain and body size on diet and metabolism. Am J Hum Bio 6: 77–88. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Leonard WR, Robertson ML. 1997. Comparative primate energetics and hominid evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol 102(2): 265–281. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Leonard WR, Snodgrass JJ, Robertson ML. 2010. Evolutionary perspectives on fat ingestion and metabolism in humans. In: Montmayeur JP, le Coutre J, eds. Fat detection: taste, texture, and post ingestive effects. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Chapter 1. [Google Scholar]
  • de Lumley H, de Lumley MA. 1973. Pre-Neanderthal Human remains from Arago Cave in southeastern France. Yearb Phys Anthropol 17: 162–168. [Google Scholar]
  • de Lumley H. 2006. Il y a 400 000 ans : la domestication du feu, un formidable moteur d’hominisation. C R Palevol 5: 149–154. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Mac Innes KJ, Brown KA, Hunger NI, Simpson ER. 2012. Regulation of LKB1 expression by sex hormones in adipocytes. Int J Obes 36(7): 982–985. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Majou D. 2015. Alzheimer’s disease: origins, mechanisms, people at risk and prevention by DHA (omega-3 fatty acid). Paris (France): Actia Editions. [Google Scholar]
  • Makrides M, Neumann MA, Gibson RA. 1996. Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on breast milk composition. Eur J Clin Nutr 50(6): 352–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Markesbery WR. 1999. The role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 56: 1449–1452. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Matsuzaka T, Shimano H, Yahagi N, et al. 2002. Dual regulation of mouse Delta(5)- and Delta(6)-desaturase gene expression by SREBP-1 and PPARalpha. J Lipid Res 43(1): 107–114. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • de Menocal PB. 2004. African climate change and faunal evolution during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Earth Plan Sci Lett 220(1–2): 3–24. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Milte CM, Parletta N, Buckley JD, Coates AM, Young RM, Howe PR. 2012. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, cognition, and behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 28(6): 670–677. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Milton K. 2003. The critical role played by animal source foods in human (Homo) evolution. J Nutr 133(11 Suppl 2): 3886S–3892S. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Mink JW, Blumenschine RJ, Adams DB. 1981. Ratio of central nervous system to body metabolism in vertebrates: its constancy and functional basis. Am J Physiol 241(3): R203–R212. [Google Scholar]
  • Moltó-Puigmarti C, Plat J, Mensink RP, et al. 2010. FADS1 FADS2 gene variants modify the association between fish intake and the docosahexaenoic acid proportions in human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 91: 1368–1376. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Nakamura MT, Nara TY. 2004. Structure, function, and dietary regulation of delta6, delta5, and delta9 desaturases. Ann Rev Nutr 24: 345–376. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Nandi A, Mukhopadhyay CK, Ghosh MK, Chattopadhyay DJ, Chatterjee IB. 1997. Evolutionary significance of vitamin C biosynthesis in terrestrial vertebrates. Free Radic Biol Med 22(6): 1047–1054. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Neggers YH, Kim EK, Song JM, Chung EJ, Um YS, Park T. 2009. Mental retardation is associated with plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels and the omega-3/omega-6 ratio in children. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 18(1): 22–28. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Ohta Y, Nishikimi M. 1999. Random nucleotide substitutions in primate nonfunctional gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the missing enzyme in L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1472(1–2): 408–411. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • O’Neill CM, Minihane AM. 2017. The impact of fatty acid desaturase genotype on fatty acid status and cardiovascular health in adults. Proc Nutr Soc 76(1): 64–75. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pais J, Legoinha P. 2000. Gruta da Figueira Brava (Arrábida): geological setting. Memórias da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Classe de Ciências, XXXVIII: 69–91. [Google Scholar]
  • Paskulin DD, Paixao-Cortes VR, Hainaut P, Bortolini MC, Ashton-Prolla P. 2012. The TP53 fertility network. Genet Mol Biol 35(4 (suppl)): 939–946. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Perry GH, Dominy NJ, Claw KG, et al. 2007. Diet and the evolution of human amylase gene copy number variation. Nat Genet 39(10): 1256–1260. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Perry GH, Kistler L, Kelaita MA, Sams AJ. 2015. Insights into hominin phenotypic and dietary evolution from ancient DNA sequence data. J Hum Evol 79: 55–63. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Picardo M, Ottaviani M, Camera E, Mastrofrancesco A. 2009. Sebaceous gland lipids. Dermato-endocrinology 1(2): 68–71. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Plummer T. 2004. Flaked stones and old bones: biological and cultural evolution at the dawn of technology. Am J Phys Anthropol Suppl 39: 118–164. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Pobiner BL, Rogers MJ, Monahan CM, Harris JW. 2008. New evidence for hominin carcass processing strategies at 1.5 Ma, Koobi Fora, Kenya. J Hum Evol 55(1): 103–130. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Pontzer H, Raichlen DA, Sockol MD. 2009. The metabolic cost of walking in humans, chimpanzees, and early hominins. J Hum Evol 56(1): 43–54. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Porter AMW. 1993. Sweat and thermoregulation in hominids. Comments prompted by the publications of PE Wheeler 1984–1993. J Hum Evol 25: 417–423. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Porter AMW. 2001. Why do we have apocrine and sebaceous glands? J R Soc Med 94(5): 236–237. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Prouty SM, Pappas A. 2015. Sapienic acid: species-specific fatty acid metabolism of the human sebaceous gland. In: Pappas A, ed. Lipids and skin health. New York: Springer International Publishing, pp. 139–157. [Google Scholar]
  • Reed BC, Cefalu C, Bellaire BH, et al. 2005. GLUT1CBP(TIP2/GIPC1) interactions with GLUT1 and myosin VI: evidence supporting an adapter function for GLUT1CBP. Mol Biol Cell 16(9): 4183–4201. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Reiner WB, Petzinger C, Power ML, Hyeroba D, Rothman JM. 2014. Fatty acids in mountain gorilla diets: implications for primate nutrition and health. Am J Primatol 76(3): 281–238. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Robert A, Mfilinge P, Limbu SM, Mwita CJ. 2014. Fatty Acid composition and levels of selected polyunsaturated Fatty acids in four commercial important freshwater fish species from lake Victoria, Tanzania. J Lipids 2014: 712134. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Roebroeks W, Villa P. 2011. On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe. Proc Nal Acad Sci USA 108(13): 5209–5214. [Google Scholar]
  • Rogers NH, Witczak CA, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Greenberg AS. 2009. Estradiol stimulates Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and TBC1D1/4, but not glucose uptake in rat soleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 382(4): 646–650. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M. 1997. Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid. J Biol Chem 272(30): 18982–18989. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Rzehak P, Heinrich J, Klopp N, et al. 2009. Evidence for an association between genetic variants of the fatty acid desaturase 1 fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS1 FADS2) gene cluster and the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes. Br J Nutr 101(1): 20–26. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sampels S. 2005. Fatty acids and antioxidants in Reindeer and Red Deer. Emphasis on animal nutrition and consequent meat quality. Doctoral thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Upsala. [Google Scholar]
  • Sanders TA, Reddy S. 1992. The influence of a vegetarian diet on the fatty acid composition of human milk and the essential fatty acid status of the infant. J Pediatr 120(4 Pt 2): S71–S77. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Schaeffer L, Gohlke H, Müller M, et al. 2006. Common genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster and their reconstructed haplotypes are associated with the fatty acid composition in phospholipids. Hum Mol Genet 15(11): 1745–1756. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Selva DM, Hammond GL. 2009. Peroxisome-proliferator receptor gamma represses hepatic sex hormone-binding globulin expression. Endocrinology 150(5): 2183–2189. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sevanian A, Davies KJ, Hochstein P. 1985. Conservation of vitamin C by uric acid in blood. J Free Rad Biol Med 1: 117–124. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Shi J, Simpkins JW. 1997. 17 beta-Estradiol modulation of glucose transporter 1 expression in blood-brain barrier. Am J Physiol 272(6 Pt 1): E1016–E1022. [Google Scholar]
  • Simopoulos AP. 2006. Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 60(9): 502–507. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Sinclair AJ, Crawford MA. 1972. The incorporation of linolenic and docosahexaenoic acid into liver and brain lipids of developing rats. FEBS Lett 26: 127–129. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Smith CD, Carney JM, Starke-Reed PE, et al. 1991. Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 88(23): 10540–10543. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Sockol MD, Raichlen DA, Pontzer H. 2007. Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 104(30): 12265–12269. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Södergard R, Bäckström T, Shanbhag V, Carstensen H. 1982. Calculation of free and bound fractions of testosterone and estradiol-17 beta to human plasma proteins at body temperature. J Steroid Biochem 16(6): 801–810. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stewart CL, Kaspar P, Brunet LJ, et al. 1992. Blastocyst implantation depends on maternal expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor. Nature 359(6390): 76–79. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stoffel W, Holz B, Jenke B, et al. 2008. Delta6-desaturase (FADS2) deficiency unveils the role of omega3- and omega6-polyunsaturated fatty acids. EMBO J 27(17): 2281–2292. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Stringer CB, Finlayson JC, Barton RNE, et al. 2008. Neanderthal exploitation of marine mammals in Gibraltar. PNAS 105(38): 14319–14324. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Tang C, Cho HP, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD. 2003. Regulation of human delta-6 desaturase gene transcription: identification of a functional direct repeat-1 element. J Lipid Res 44(4): 686–695. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Tosi F, Sartori F, Guarini P, et al. 2014. Delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases: crucial enzymes in polyunsaturated fatty acid-related pathways with pleiotropic influences in health and disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 824: 61–81. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Van Kolfschoten T. 2000. The Eemian mammal fauna of Central Europe. Netherlands J Geosci 79(2–3): 269–281. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Vancassel S. 2004. Oméga 3 et neurotransmission cérébrale. OCL 11(1): 58–65. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  • Voss A, Reinhart M, Sankarappa S, Sprecher H. 1991. The metabolism of 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid to 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid in rat liver is independent of a 4-desaturase. J Biol Chem 266(30): 19995–20000. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wainwright PE. 1992. Do essential fatty acids play a role in brain and behavioral development? Neurosci Behav Rev 16: 193–205. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Walter RC, Buffler RT, Bruggemann JH, Guillaume MM, et al. 2000. Early human occupation of the Red Sea coast of Eritrea during the last interglacial. Nature 405(6782): 65–69. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Wang DY, Fulthorpe R, Liss SN, Edwards EA. 2004. Identification of estrogen-responsive genes by complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray and characterization of a novel early estrogen-induced gene: EEIG1. Mol Endocrinol 18(2): 402–411. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Williams G, Crawford MA. 1987. Comparison of the fatty acid component in structural lipids from dolphins, zebra and giraffe: possible evolutionary implications. J Zool Lond 213: 673–684. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Williams MF. 2002. Primate encephalization and intelligence. Med Hypotheses 58(4): 284–290. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Womeni HM, Linder M, Tiencheu B, et al. 2009. Oils of insects and larvae consumed in Africa: potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. OCL 16: 230–235. [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  • Wu XW, Lee CC, Muzny DM, Caskey CT. 1989. Urate oxidase: primary structure and evolutionary implications. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 86(23): 9412–9416. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  • Wu XW, Muzny DM, Lee CC, Caskey CT. 1992. Two independent mutational events in the loss of Urate Oxidase during Hominoid evolution. J Mol Evol 34: 78–84. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • Xie L, Innis SM. 2008. Genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster are associated with altered (n-6) and (n-3) essential fatty acids in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids in women during pregnancy and in breast milk during lactation. J Nutr 138(11): 2222–2228. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.