Table 1
Physicochemical characteristics of HFFA-CPO and LFFA-CPO.
| Characteristics | HFFA- CPO a | LFFA- CPO | MCPOs b |
|---|---|---|---|
| FFAs (as palmitic acid) (%) | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | ≤5 |
| Acid value (mg NaOH/g) | 19.1 ± 0.6 | 8.3 ± 0.2 | ≤10.95 |
| Hydroxyl value (mg KOH/g) | 32.5 ± 0.6 | 18.5 ± 0.9 | – |
| Iodine value (Wij's) (g I2 /100 g) | 53.1 ± 0.4 | 56 ± 0.3 | 50.4–53.7 |
| Saponification value (mg KOH/g) | 200.6 ± 0.8 | 195.7 ± 1.1 | 194–205 |
| Unsaponifiable matter (%) | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 0.19–0.44 |
| Moisture content (%) | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 0.25 |
| Refractive index at (28°C) | 1.4669 ± 0.0003 | 1.4665 ± 0.0001 | 1.4521–1.4541c |
| Specific gravity at (28°C) (g/mL) | 0.869 ± 0.009 | 0.841 ± 0.007 | 0.8889–0.8896 c |
| Viscosity at (28°C) (cP) | 69 ± 0.6 | 48 ± 2.1 | – |
| Color at (28°C) | 50R d–50Y e | 50R–50Y | – |
Source: a Japir et al. (2016b), b MS814:2007, Sue and Pantzaris (2009); HFFA-CPO = high free fatty acid-crude palm oil; LFFA-CPO = low free fatty acid-crude palm oil, MCPOs = Malaysian crude palm oil standard; c estimated at (50°C); d (Red); e (Yellow). Values are mean ± SD (n = 3).
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.