Open Access
Table 1
Mechanization of technology options across scenarios (adapted from Zapata-Hernández et al., 2024).
| Type of production process | Scenario | Equipment | Operational performance (ha worker−1day−1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weed management (circle around palm) | 1 | Manual back pump | 4.9 |
| 2 | Brush cutter | 2.2 | |
| 3 | Tractor 70 HP+ Finish mower | 10 | |
| Weed management (Traffic path) | 1 | Brush cutter | 2.2 |
| 2 | Tractor 70 HP+ Finish mower | 12 | |
| 3 | |||
| Plant health management (Spraying) | 1 | Tractor 45 HP + Cannon sprayer | 5.2 |
| 2 | |||
| 3 | Tractor 75 HP + Electrostatic sprayer | 40 | |
| Harvest | 1 | Manual Harvest + Buffalo | 1.4–2.0 * |
| 2 | Tractor 45 HP+ Trailer | 1.5–2.5 * | |
| 3 | Tractor 45 HP+ Grabber+ Trailer | 1.8–3.0 * | |
| Drainage | 1 | Shovel | 0.19 |
| 2 | Backhoe | 11.5 | |
| 3 | |||
| Fertilization | 1 | Manual labor | 4 |
| 2 | Tractor 75 HP + Broadcast spreader | 12.4 | |
| 3 | Tractor 75 HP + Variable-rate fertilizer | 29.3 | |
| Transport FFB to oil palm mill | 1 | Truck (12 a 15 t FFB) | 9.4–21.5 |
| 2 | |||
| 3 |
*The operational harvesting yields are reported in tons of FFB per worker per day.
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