Table 1

Examples of lab-scale comparisons of extraction yields for alternatives solvents with hexane.

Solvent Oilseed Scale Preparation YDN Impurities % YDC Source
2MeOx Salmond 25 g Soxhlet (8h) Lyophilisation     +2% Cascantet al., 2017
2MeOx Black cumin Soxhlet (8h) Ground     +14% Bourgouet al., 2021
2MeOx Basil Soxhlet (6) Ground     +13% Bourgouet al., 2021
2-MeOx Rapeseed Soxhlet (8h) ?     –0.7% Sicaire et al., 2015
EA Spent coffee 10 g Soxhlet (6h) Drying <10% w.c. +8.9% 7% +16.8% Loyao Jr et al., 2018
EA Salmond 25 g Soxhlet (8h) Lyophilisation     –3% Cascant et al., 2017
EtOH Spent coffee 10 g Soxhlet (6h) Drying <10% w.c. –8.7% 37% +45.7% Loyao Jr et al., 2018
EtOH Rapeseed (Astrid) 15 g Soxhlet (6h) Coarsely ground –81% 50.0% –62% Li et al., 2014
EtOH Salmond 25 g Soxhlet (8h) Lyophilisation     +6% Cascant et al., 2017
EtOH Baru almonds 15 mL reactor 1.6 − 2.4 mm     –20% Souza et al., 2020
EtOH Quercus suber fruits Soxhlet (5h) Coffee mill   76% +320% Ferreira-Dias et al., 2003
EtOH 95% Sunflower collets 10 g + 180 mL solv. Ground –2.5% 31% +41% Baümler et al., 2016
EtOH 99% Rapeseed 20 g 1:17 60°C 4h   –12% 11% +6% Sánchez et al., 2018
EtOH 99% Rapeseed 20 g 1:17 60°C 4h Microwaves –2% 10% +7% Sánchez et al., 2018
EtOH 99% Rapeseed 5.7 g Erlenmeyer Flakes dried 3%     –59% Perrier et al., 2017
EtOH 99% Rapeseed 5.7 g Erlenmeyer Flakes dried 3%+US     –55% Perrier et al., 2017
EtOH+IPA Baru almonds 15 mL reactor 1.6 − 2.4 mm     +18% Souza et al., 2020
IPA Spent coffee 10 g Soxhlet (6h) Drying <10% w.c. –6.3% 27% +28.2% Loyao Jr et al., 2018
IPA Rapeseed (Astrid) 15 g Soxhlet (6h) Coarsely ground +25.5% 12.1% +42.8% Li et al., 2014
IPA Salmond 25 g Soxhlet (8h) Lyophilisation     –9% Cascant et al., 2017
IPA Baru almonds 15 mL reactor 1.6 − 2.4 mm     +8% Souza et al., 2020
IPA 99% Rapeseed 5.7 g Erlenmeyer Flakes dried 3%     –14% Perrier et al., 2017
IPA 99% Rapeseed 5.7 g Erlenmeyer Flakes dried 3%+US     –4% Perrier et al., 2017

US: ultrasounds.

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