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Table 1
Summary of strategies for increasing lipid accumulation in Y. lipolytica. The symbol Δ represents a gene knockout and gene expression is represented by all uppercase letters.
| Carbon source | Scale | Y. lipolytica strain | Modification | Lipid content % (grams of lipids per gram dry weight) |
Lipid titer g/L (grams of lipids per liter of culture) |
Lipid yield g/g (grams of lipid per gram of carbon substrate consumed) |
Productivity g/L/h (grams per lipid per liter of culture per hour) |
References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1f | Δmfe1, Δpex10, DGA1 | 71.0 | 25.30 | – | 0.210 | (Blazeck et al., 2014) |
| Glucose | Flask | Po1g | DGA2 | – | 2.4 | 0.55 | – | (Silverman et al., 2016) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | JMY3501 | GPD1, DGA2 | 55.0 | – | 0.140 | – | (Sagnak et al., 2018) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1g | hp4d-ACC1, TEFin-DGA1 | 61.7 | – | 0.195 | 0.143 | (Tai and Stephanopoulos, 2013) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1g | TEFin-ACC1, TEFin-DGA1, TEFin-SCD | – | 55.00 | 0.234 | 0.707 | (Qiao et al., 2015) |
| Glycerol | Flask | Po1d | Δgsy1 | 52.0 | – | – | – | (Bhutada et al., 2017) |
| Glucose | Flask | Po1g | Hp4d-LRO1 | 12.0 | 1.30 | – | – | (Amalia et al., 2020) |
| Glucose | Flask | ATCC 20362 | Δsnf1 | 30.0 | – | – | – | (Seip et al., 2013) |
| Glycerol | Bioreactor | H222 | Δsnf1, DGA1, DGA2 | 53.0 | 4.80 | – | 0.070 | (Abghari and Chen, 2017) |
| Glucose | Flask | ACA-DC 50109 | Δmig1 | 48.7 | – | – | – | (Wang et al., 2013) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1f | EMS mutagenesis | 87.0 | 38.9 | 0.243 | 0.509 | (Liu et al., 2015a, b) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1f | Δmga2 | – | 25.00 | 0.213 | 0.145 | (Liu et al., 2015b) |
| Glucose | Flask | ACA-DC 50109 | Δmhy1 | 43.1 | – | – | – | (Wang et al., 2018) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1f | ACC1, DGA1, SCD, Δpex10, Δmfe1, Δ-12D, Δ-15D (flax) | 77.8 | 50.00 | – | – | (Yan et al., 2020) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | NS18 | DGA1 (from Rhodosporidium toruloides), DGA2 (from Claviceps purpurea), Δtgl3 | 77.0 | 85.00 | 0.210 | 0.730 | (Friedlander et al., 2016) |
| Glycerol | Flask | Po1h | ACL (from mus musculus) | 23.1 | – | – | – | (Zhang et al., 2014) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1h | Haemoglobin (from Vitreoscilla) | 14.5 | – | – | – | (Zhang et al., 2019a) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1g | perCAT2 (from S. cerevisiae), ACC1, DGA1 | – | 66.40 | 0.229 | 0.565 | (Xua et al., 2016) |
| Xylose | Bioreactor | Po1d | DGA2, GPD1, XDH, XR, XK, XPKA (from Aspergillus nidulans), ACK (from Aspergillus nidulans), Δpox1-6, Δtgl4 | 67.0 | 16.50 | – | 1.850 | (Niehus et al., 2018) |
| Glucose/xylose | Bioreactor | Po1f | XK, DGA1, Δpex10 | 56.7 | 13.50 | – | – | (Yook et al., 2020) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1g | ACC1, DGA1, MCE2 (from Mucor circinelloide), GAPC (from Clostridium acetobutylicum) | 66.70 | 99.3 | 0.279 | 1.200 | (Qiao et al., 2017) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | Po1g | GSR ylGPO ScZwf EcALDH |
82.5 | 72.70 | 0.252 | 0.970 | (Xu et al., 2017) |
| Crude glycerol | Flask | TISTR 5151 | – | 64.0 | – | – | – | (Cheirsilp and Louhasakul, 2013) |
| Crude glycerol | Flask | A101 | – | 25.0 | 1.69 | – | – | (Dobrowolski et al., 2016) |
| Crude glycerol | Flask | QU21 | – | 18.9 | 1.27 | 0.060 | – | (Poli et al., 2014) |
| Crude glycerol | Bioreactor | SKY7 | – | 7.21 | (Kumar et al., 2020) | |||
| Purified glycerol | Purification of crude glycerol using phosphoric acid | 19.47 | ||||||
| Crude glycerol | Flask | SM7 | Addition of olive oil | 35.80 | 6.13 | – | – | (Magdouli et al., 2017) |
| Palm oil mill effluent | Flask | TISTR 5151 | Addition of surfactant | – | 2.54 | – | – | (Louhasakul et al., 2020) |
| Acetic acid | Flask | CICC 31596 | – | 31.12 | 0.724 | 0.290 | – | (Gao et al., 2017) |
| Acetic acid | Flask | CICC 31596 | Maintain an alkaline pH | 27.22 | 10.11 | 0.144 | – | (Gao et al., 2020) |
| Glucose | Culture tubes | Po1f | Using urea as a nitrogen source | – | 0.65 | – | – | (Brabender et al., 2018) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | ACA-DC50109 | Double nitrogen and magnesium limitation | 47.5 | 5.80 | – | – | (Bellou et al., 2016) |
| Crude glycerol | Bioreactor | SKY7 | pH controlled at 6.5 | 45.4 | 7.78 | – | – | (Kuttiraja et al., 2018) |
| Glycerol | Flask | W 29 | pH 5.5 | 63.0 | – | 0.023 | – | (Sekova et al., 2019) |
| Glucose | Flask | ATCC 20460 | Increase in OTR factor | ≈50 | – | – | – | (Lopes et al., 2018) |
| Glucose | Bioreactor | H222 | Drop of oxygen concentration from 50% to 1% after 20 h cultivation | – | – | 0.110 | – | (Kavšcek et al., 2015) |
| Glycerol | Bioreactor | SM7 | Two-stage cultivation with a dissolved oxygen shift from 60% to 30% | 52.7 | 13.60 | – | – | (Sara et al., 2016) |
| Glucose and acetic acid | Bioreactor | MUCL 28849 | Two-stage fed-batch fermentation | 40.7 | 12.36 | 0.130 | 0.160 | (Fontanille et al., 2012) |
| Pretreated cane molasses | Bioreactor | S47 | Two-stage fed-batch fermentation | 57.3 | 12.20 | – | – | (Wang et al., 2019) |
| Glycerol | Bioreactor | LGAM S(7)1 | Continuous fermentation | 43.0 | – | – | 1.200 | (Papanikolaou and Aggelis, 2002) |
| Glycerol | Chemostat | JMY4086 | Continuous fermentation | – | 24.20 | 0.100 | 0.430 | (Rakicka et al., 2015) |
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