Table 4
Contribution of edible oils to the chronic dietary exposure to mycotoxins across EFSA risk assessment reports At the LB, results below the limit of quantification (LOQ) or limit of detection (LOD) were replaced by zero; at the upper bound (UB), the results below the LOD were replaced by the value of the LOD and those below the LOQ were replaced by the value reported as LOQ.
| Mycotoxins | Toxicological Reference Value (TRV) | Age group concerned | Chronic dietary exposure to mycotoxins (ng/kg bw per day) |
Type of products concerned | Contribution of edible oils to the chronic dietary exposure to this mycotoxin (%) |
References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | |||||||||
| LB | UB | LB | UB | ||||||
| Aflatoxin B1 | Carcinogenic toxin, no TRV*** | Adults | 0.33 | 2.15 | Legumes, nuts and oilseeds | up to 29 | - | Schrenk et al. (2020a) | |
| Toddlers and children | 0.64 (toddlers) |
5.35 (toddlers) |
Animal and vegetable fats and oils | up to 39 (driven by consumption of peanut butter) |
- | ||||
| 0.76 (children) |
4.93 (children) |
||||||||
| Ochratoxin A | Carcinogenic toxin, no TRV*** | Adults | 2.41 | 5.09 | Oilseeds | 0.01 | 0.02 | Schrenk et al. (2020b) Citing INCA3 Data (ANSES, France) |
|
| Sunflower oil | 0.01 | 0.04 | |||||||
| Peanuts butter | 0.00 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Zearalenone | 0.25 μg/kg b.w. per day (TDI)* | Adults | 4.3 | 18 | Vegetable oils | 8.6 (0.2-51) |
4.7 (0.1-24) |
EFSA (2011b) | |
| T-2 and HT-2 toxins | 0.02 µg/kg b.w. per day (TDI)* |
Elderly | 2.94 | 17.5 | Olive oil | 4 | - | Knutsen et al. (2017a) and Arcella et al. (2017) |
|
| Adults |
3.62 | 19.8 | Sunflower oil | up to 26 (with high consumption, in Hungary and Romania) |
- | ||||
| Alternaria Toxins | AOH | 2.5 ng/kg b.w. per day (TTC)** | Adults | 2.2 | 9.2 | Oilseeds | 0.3 | 0.1 | Arcella et al. (2016) Citing INCA2 Data (ANSES, France) |
| Vegetable oils | 6.1 | 3.8 | |||||||
| AME | 2.5 ng/kg b.w. per day (TTC)** | 1.4 | 7.6 | Oilseeds | 0.5 | 0.1 | |||
| Vegetable oils | 41.6 | 10.3 | |||||||
| TeA | 1.5 µg/ kg b.w. per day (TTC)** | 86 | 178 | Oilseeds | 0.1 | 0.1 | |||
| Vegetable oils | 1.5 | 1.1 | |||||||
| TEN | 1.5 µg/ kg b.w. per day (TTC)** | 1.2 | 5.1 | Oilseeds | 3.7 | 1.0 | |||
| Vegetable oils | 5.0 | 2.1 | |||||||
*TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake): estimate of the quantity of a substance that a person can consume on a daily basis throughout his or her life without significant risk to health
**TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern): approach developed to qualitatively assess the risk associated with substances in low concentrations in the diet
*** There is no Tolerable Daily Intake value for genotoxic and carcinogenic substances. A statistical measure can be used in toxicology and risk assessment to define a safe exposure level for a chemical substance: BMDL10 (Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit). BMDL10 of AFB1 and OTA are respectively 0.4 and 14.5 μg/kg bw per day for neoplastic effects.
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