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Table 2

Assessment of the heat required for the desolventization of the meal and distillation of the miscella of 1000 kg of soybean flakes based on the assumption that hexane marc would contain ∼30% of solvent.

  n-Hexane iso-Hexane Cyc.Hexane MeOH EtOH* IPA* Acetone* Acetone MEK EA DCM 2-MeOx
Input flakes (kg) Mf 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Oil in flakes (kg) Mo 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170
Water in Flakes (kg) Mw 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Water in Flakes after drying (kg) M ’ w 100 100 100 100 10 60 70 70 100 100 100 100
Flakes drying (MJ) Qd         396 110 83 83        
Defatted flakes (kg) 830 830 830 830 740 790 800 800 830 830 830 830
Solvent in the marc (kg) α 248 248 249 423 357 359 292 292 288 304 304 282
Solvent in the miscella (kg) β 680 680 680 3 230 2 259 1 530 680 680 680 680 680 680
DT water in vapours @ azeotrope+5% (kg) γ 16 16 26 12 23 57 5 5 52 32 8 37
DT Enthalpy of water in vapours (MJ) A 35 35 58 27 50 126 10 10 114 70 18 82
DT Enthalpy of solvent vaporisation (MJ) B 83 80 90 837 304 239 152 152 128 131 100 103
DT-sensible heat (MJ) C 78 80 65 77 51 51 83 83 57 66 110 64
Total DT heat (MJ) A+B+C = D 196 195 213 940 405 417 245 245 298 267 228 248
Mass/water condensed direct steam (kg) ε 34 33 32 191 74 61 49 49 39 41 44 35
Water content of the meal π 15.5% 15.4% 15.3% 28.5% 10.3% 14.2% 14.0% 14.0% 16.0% 16.2% 16.5% 15.6%
Enthalpy in DT vapours (MJ) A+B = E 118 115 148 864 354 365 162 162 242 201 117 184
Water content in the miscella (kg) u 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 106 213 28 28 93 21 1 31
Enthalpy for miscella distillation (MJ) F 262 244 280 6 453 2 225 1 562 447 447 544 376 253 353
Residual miscella distillation (MJ) F-E = G 156 141 147 5 675 1 906 1 233 301 301 327 195 147 187
Water to remove from the meal (kg) q 34 34 33 191 − 21 19 19 39 42 44 66
Enthalpy for meal drying (MJ)W 83 83 80 468 0 52 48 48 95 102 109 162
Reaching extraction temperature (MJ) X / X’ 119 117 141 372 174 153 63 109 199 171 29 152
Final heat consumption (MJ) D+G+W 555 535 581 7 455 975 731 437 785 919 736 513 750
Final heat consumption (kWh/t of flakes) 154 149 161 2 071 271 203 121 218 255 204 142 208
Variation vs hexane 0% -3% 5% 1244% 76% 32% -21% 42% 66% 33% -8% 35%

*) calculations done according to a non-distillation scheme. X’ (Eq. (19)) was used for EtOH, IPA and acetone instead of X (Eq. (18)).

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