Open Access
Review
Table 2
Integrated weed management in the sesame fields.
| Preventing the establishment of weeds | Crop rotation, mixed cultivation, use of clean sesame seeds, use of pre-emergence herbicides such as pendimethalin (4 L ha−1) or trifluralin (2 L ha−1), use of mulch, edge of field weed control |
| Reducing the adverse effects of emerging weeds | Choosing the suitable variety, Highly vigorous seeds, accurate planting date and depth, proper planting arrangement and density, water and nutrients management, application of post-emergence herbicides before weed bolting such as haloxyfop-r-methyl (0.75 L ha−1), sethoxydim (3 L ha−1), clethodim (1 L ha−1), fluazifop-p-butyl (1.5 L ha−1) and cycloxydim (3 L ha−1), weeding (twice 15 and 30 days after planting) or cultivator (30 days after planting) |
| Reducing weed seed bank | Residue management, weed seed-free machinery, use of decomposed organic fertilisers, prevention of weed seed production |
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