Table 8

Results of the mixed models applied to the 10 main performance indicators. We indicated which transformation had been applied to each indicator in the model, then the p-value associated with the year effect and the year x system interaction. We provide more detailed results for the cropping system effect: Fisher’s F value and p-value. The last column is an aid to interpretation. EBITDA: Earnings Before Interests Taxes Depreciation Amortization. y_i: individual value for the considered variable. y: set of values in the entire dataset for the considered variable. y₀ represents the various unit variables (y₀ = 1 unit of y_i) used to standardize y_i, when y_i is not dimensionless and used as an argument of a transcendental function, or added to the dimensionless numerical value 1. ICS: Innovative cropping system; CCS: Control cropping system.

Indicator (y)	Transformation used	Year p-value	Year x System p-value	p-value system	F System	Direction of the difference between ICS and CCS
Gross energy production (MJ.ha−1)		<1e-03	0.806	<1e-03	17.1716	ICS < CCS
Energy efficiency		<1e-06	0.580	0.640	0.2243	ICS ≅ CCS
Direct margins with aids (&z.euro;.ha−1)		0.025	0.776	0.090	3.8534	ICS ≅ CCS
EBITDA per unit of human work time (&z.euro;.HWU−1)		<1e-04	0.269	0.029	15.9577	ICS < CCS
Total working time (h.ha−1)		0.160	0.239	0.472	0.5327	ICS ≅ CCS
Treatment Frequency Index (unitless)		<1e-02	0.776	0.101	5.4448	ICS ≅ CCS
Quantity of active pesticide ingredients (g.ha−1)		<1e-02	0.994	0.820	0.0611	ICS ≅ CCS
Amount of mineral nitrogen fertilizer (kg.ha−1)	No transformation	0.031	0.770	<1e-06	39.8222	ICS < CCS
Total primary energy used (MJ.ha−1)		<1e-03	0.936	0.030	35.2472	ICS < CCS
Total GHG emissions (teqCO2.ha−1)	No transformation	<1e-02	0.682	<1.e-05	35.6729	ICS < CCS