Table 3
Intraspecific variability in soybean cultivars for investigated architectural root traits.
| Root traits (per plant) | Cultivar range | Mean | Genotype or cultivar effect | Water regime | Water regime effect | Other condition | Plant stage, days after sowing (DAS) or days after germination (DAG) | Growth environment/phenotyping method | Cultivar or genotype number | Maturity group | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rooting depth (cm) | 0.2–37 | 18.6 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | II and III | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | |||
| 0.3–49 | 24.65 | *** | 9 DAG | |||||||||
| 0–56 | 28 | *** | 12 DAG | |||||||||
| 43–56 | 49.5 | * | 35 DAS | Field | 2 | NA | Japan | Matsuo et al. (2013) | ||||
| 62–93 | 77.5 | * | R1 | Field/excavation of rhizotrons to 217 cm deep | 7 | NA | USA | Kaspar et al. (1978) | ||||
| 122–167 | 144.5 | * | R3 | |||||||||
| 170–208 | 189 | * | R4 | |||||||||
| 111–142 | 126.5 | ** | 54 DAS (R2 to R3) | Field/excavation of rhizotrons compartments | 105 | From I to III | USA | Kaspar et al. (1984) | ||||
| 159–186 | 172.5 | ** | 75 DAS (R5) | |||||||||
| 16–27 | 21.5 | ** | High phosphorus | Maturity | Field | 2 | NA | China | Ao et al. (2010) | |||
| 21–25 | 23 | ** | Low phosphorus | |||||||||
| Root growth angle (°) | 2.0–90.0 | 46 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | II and III | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | |||
| 2.0–90.0 | 46 | *** | 9 DAG | |||||||||
| 2.0–90.0 | 46 | *** | 12 DAG | |||||||||
| 42.9–57.4 | 50.15 | NS | Well-watered | *** | 10 DAS | Growth chamber/minirhizotrons | 10 | From 000 to II | France | Dayoub et al. (2021) | ||
| 57.7–71.4 | 64.55 | NS | Water stress | |||||||||
| 23.3–64.2 | 43.75 | ** | Well-watered | NS | 60 DAS (V3) | Field/root excavation | 3 | NA | South Africa | Fenta et al. (2014) | ||
| 28.8–68.3 | 48.55 | ** | Water stress | |||||||||
| Root width (cm) | 0.1–22.4 | 11.25 | *** | 6 DAG | Growth chamber/germination paper | 292 | II and III | USA | Falk et al. (2020) | |||
| 0.1–33.8 | 16.95 | *** | 9 DAG | |||||||||
| 0.3–34.3 | 17.3 | *** | 12 DAG | |||||||||
| 15.3–24.6 | 19.95 | * | 23 DAS (V1) | Greenhouse/rhizotubes/throughput | 9 | I | France | Maslard et al. (2021) | ||||
| 4.8–26.7 | 15.75 | *** | High phosphorus | Maturity | Field | 2 | NA | China | Ao et al. (2010) | |||
| 1.33–18.33 | 9.83 | *** | Low phosphorus |
NS: non-significant, NA: not available.
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