Open Access
Table 3
Summary of sensory and instrumental comparisons between the reference binary (wax and volatile oil) and vegetable butters (jojoba esters). Each cross in a column means that this sample has the characteristic corresponding to the line closest to that of the reference binary.
| Potential substitutes based on jojoba esters | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butter A 100% | Butters A/B 75/25% (w/w) | Butters A/B 50/50% (w/w) | Butter B 100% | |
| Sensory property | ||||
| Texture | x | x | ||
| Instrumental measurements | ||||
| Melting temperature ranges (°C) X-ray scattering, from 20 to 95 °C |
x | x | ||
| Crystal shape polarized light, 20 °C Crystal size (needles, μm) polarized light, 20 °C |
x x |
x x |
x | x |
| Average viscosity η (.103 Pa.s) 0.01 s−1, 35 °C |
x | |||
| Yield stress σ0 (Pa) From 0.01 to 10−5 s−1, 35 °C |
x | |||
| Average elastic modulus G’(.105 Pa) From 1 to 2000 Pa, 1 Hz, 35 °C |
x | |||
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.