Table 1
Opposing effects of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in obesity.
| Omega-6 | Omega-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Adipose cells (tissue) | ↑ | ↓ |
| White adipose tissue | ↑ | ↓ |
| Brown adipose tissue | ↓ | ↑ |
| Inflammation | ↑ | ↓ |
| Triglycerides | ↑ | ↓ |
| Muscle glycogen synthesis | ↑ | |
| Endogenous antioxidants (i.e. superoxide dismutase catalase), glutathione peroxidase | ↓ | ↑ |
| Oxidative stress | ↑ | ↓ |
| Endocannabinoids | ||
| AEA | ↑ | ↓ |
| 2-AG | ↑ | ↓ |
| CB1, CB2 | ↑ | ↓ |
| DHEA | ↑ | |
| EPEA | ↑ | |
| Protein synthesis | ↑ | |
| Mitochondrial biogenesis | ↑ | |
| β-oxidation | ↑ | |
| AMPK | ↑ | |
| Akt | ↑ | |
| Telomeres | ↓ | ↑ |
| NFkβ | ↑ | ↓ |
| PPARα | ↓ | ↑ |
| Leptin resistance | ↑ | ↓ |
| Insulin resistance | ↑ | ↓ |
| Adiponectin | ↑ | |
| Uncoupling protein 1 gene expression | ↓ | ↑ |
| Waist circumference | ↑ | ↓ |
| Adipocyte size | ↑ | ↓ |
| Appetite | ↑ | ↓ |
| Food intake | ↑ | ↓ |
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