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Table 3

Annual GHG emissions due to soy and palm expansion over native vegetation (base 2006–2016).

Oil crop Country Crop expansion kha y−1 Crop expansion over natural vegetation kha y−1 B0 Assumed type of natural vegetation converted Carbon stock in natural vegetation tC ha−1 D1 Carbon stock in crop land tC ha−1 D2 Carbon stock loss tC ha−1 D1−D2 Emission factor t CO2eq ha−1 B1 Oil share in total crop production B2 (%) GHG emissions from the conversion of natural vegetation for oil production MtCO2eq y−1 B0 × B1 × B2
Soybean Argentina 437 122 50% Tropical forest 243 195 82 113 415 20 10
50% Chaco and others 147
Brazil 1111 189 50% Tropical forest 243 195 82 113 415 20 16
50% Cerrado and others 147
   Total 1548 311 195 82 113 415 20 26

Oil palm Indonesia 522 157 50% Tropical forest 243 464 170 294 1080 100 169
50% Wetland (incl. peatland) 686
Malaysia 84 17 40% Tropical forest 243 509 170 339 1242 100 21
60% Wetland (incl. bare soil) 686
   Total 606 173 470 170 300 1095 100 190

Source: Prepared by the authors.

Note: Annual oil crop expansion from 2006–2016 (FAO, 2018). Crop expansion over natural vegetation calculated from ratio A1/A0 (Tab. 2). Emission factor estimated from IPCC (2000), including both above ground vegetation and soil carbon changes. One tonne of Carbon (C) is equivalent to 3.67 tonnes of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). See further explanations in the full report (Chapter 2). Conversion unit: 1 tC equals 3.67 tCO2.

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