PA is involved in axon and dendrite outgrowth, dendrite branching and spine formation. A) Schematic representation of growth cone and dendritic spines with actin cytoskeleton (green) and microtubules (red) as well as trafficking vesicles. In dendrites, PA/DAG balance controls the actin cytoskeleton dynamics whereas in growth cones, PA is involved in neurite outgrowth by controlling actin organization and vesicular trafficking for membrane supply. B) Examples of potential molecular targets of PA involved in cytoskeleton dynamics and vesicular exocytosis.