Open Access
Table 1
Examples of predictive biodiversity indicators with their main characteristics (adapted from Bockstaller et al., 2011).
| Name reference | Taxonomic | Species | Expression of result | Aggregation function | Input variable or | Scale |
| group (species) | number | component | ||||
|
|
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| VEM | Plants | 534 | Probability of presence | Calculation of suitability index from | E.g. grazing (yes/no) | Fields, farm, |
| (Sanderson et al., | between 0 and 1 | the British National Vegetation | Slurry application (yes/no) | landscape | ||
| 1995) | Classification | Mineral fertilization (kg N/ha) | ||||
| A probability of presence is derived | ||||||
| from this index | ||||||
|
|
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| Keichinger | Pheasant | 1 | Score between 0 | Decision tree with fuzzy subsets for | Soil cover | Farm, landscape |
| (2001) | Partridge | 1 | (maximum impact) and 10 | global indicators and components | Crop diversity | |
| Field hare | 1 | (no impact) | Machine use | |||
| Wild rabbit | 1 | Pesticide risk | ||||
| Irrigation | ||||||
| Semi-natural area | ||||||
|
|
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| Meyer-Aurich | Amphibian | Not | Disturbance impact scored | Continuous function | E.g. number of | Field, farm, |
| et al. (2003) | explicit | between 0 (none) and 1 | tillage perturbation | landscape | ||
| Partridge | 1 | (high) | amount of nitrogen | |||
| number of herbicides | ||||||
|
|
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| SALCAbd | Plants | Not | Score between 1 (negative | Each cropping practices is scored | All cropping practices | Field, farm |
| (Jeanneret et al., | Mammals | explicit | impact) and 5 (positive | and an average value is calculated | ||
| 2014) | Birds | impact) | ||||
| Amphibians | ||||||
| Snails and slugs | ||||||
| Spiders | ||||||
| Carabid beetles | ||||||
| Orthoptera | ||||||
| Bees and | ||||||
| bumblebees | ||||||
| Butterflies | ||||||
|
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| Butler et al. | Birds | 63 | Risk score between 0 | Scoring system: assessing impact on | E.g. spring to autumn | Regional |
| (2009) | Bumblebees | 14 | (none) and 3 to 6 (high) | species needs (e.g. diet, forage | sowing | |
| Butterflies | 23 | habitats) | Agrochemical inputs | |||
| Mammals | 44 | Loss of non-cropped | ||||
| Broadleaf plants | 190 | habitat | ||||
| Land drainage | ||||||
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