Table 2
Description of production situations and main characteristics of the systems implemented in each platform of the Syppre experimental network. B: spring barley; CP: canning pea; DW: durum wheat; FB: faba bean; GM: grain maize; LE: lentil; PO: potato; S: Sorghum; BW: Buckwheat; SB: sugar beet; SF: sunflower; SoB: Soybean; SP: spring pea; WB: winter barley; WP: winter pea; WR: winter rapeseed; WW: winter wheat; cc: cover crop; cce: harvested cover crop for energy purpose; llm: legume living mulch; ”/”: multiple crops; “+”: intercrops.
| Platform | Production situation | Control system | Main strategies of the innovative system | Local challenges |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Picardie PIC | - Type 3 climate - Deep silt loam - Non-irrigated - Arable and industrial crops |
- Conventional farming - Six-year rotation: ccSB-WW-ccPO-WW-ccCP or WR+llm-WW (4 main crops; 1 oilseed or protein crop) - Alternating plowing and reduced tillage |
- Lengthened (nine-year) and diversified rotation: ccSB-WW-ccFB-WW-ccGM-ccCP-WR+llm-ccPO-WW (7 main crops; 1 oilseed; 2 protein crops) - Insertion of legumes as main and cover crops - Diversified cover crops - Flexible tillage with no plowing |
Exploiting high production potential ↘ Mineral nitrogen (water quality, GHG emissions) ↗ Soil fertility (storage of organic matter and reduced susceptibility to slaking and compaction) |
| Champagne CHA | - Type 3 climate - Deep Chalky soils - Non-irrigated - Arable and industrial crops |
- Conventional farming - Five-year rotation: WR-WW-ccB-ccSB-WW (4 main crops; 1 oilseed; 0 protein crop) - Alternating plowing and reduced tillage |
- Lengthened (ten-year) and diversified rotation: WR+llm-WW-ccB-ccSB-WW-ccWB+WP-ccSF-WW-ccSB-SP (7 main crops; 2 oilseeds; 2 protein crops) - Insertion of legumes as main and cover crops - Diversified cover crops - Reduced tillage |
↗ Production − including biomass ↗ Production quality ↘ Mineral nitrogen (GHG) ↗ Soil fertility (organic matter, N dependency, slaking, erosion) |
| Berry BER | - Type 3 climate-Shallow and stony clay-limestone soil - Non-irrigated - Arable crops |
- Conventional farming - Three-year rotation: WR+llm-WW-WB (3 main crops; 1 oilseed; 0 protein crop) - Reduced tillage |
- Lengthened (nine-year) and diversified rotation: ccLE-DW-WR+llm −ccGM-ccSF- −WW-WP+WW-WW-WB (8 main crops; 2 oilseeds; 2 protein crops) - Insertion of legumes as main and cover crops - Diversified cover crops - Flexible no-till or reduced tillage |
↗ crop robustness against weather hazards and pests ↗ Soil fertility (nutrient availability) ↗ Weed control |
| Lauragais LAU | - Type 7 climate - Clay-limestone slopes - Non-irrigated - Arable crops |
- Conventional farming - Two-year rotation: SF-DW (2 main crops; 1 oilseed; 0 protein crop) - Alternating plowing and reduced tillage |
- Lengthened (eight-year) and diversified rotation: WR+llm-DW+llm-WB+llm-cce/S-WP/BW-DW-ccSF-WW (7 main crops; 2 oilseeds; 1 protein crop) - Insertion of legumes as main and cover crops - Diversified cover crops - Multiple cropping - Flexible no-till or reduced tillage |
↗ Production and quality ↘ Erosion and ↗ soil fertility (organic matter) ↘ Inputs (water quality, GHG) |
| Béarn BEA | - Type 4 climate - Humus-bearing clays - Non-irrigated - Arable crops |
- Conventional farming - GM monoculture (2 main crops; 0 oilseed; 0 protein crop) - Plowing |
Two innovative cropping systems implemented (I1 and I2): - Lengthened (2 and 3 year) and diversified rotation. I1: ccGM- WB/SoB-WW/cce (3 main crops; 0 oilseed; 0 protein crop) I2: cce/GM- ccSoB (2 main crops; 0 oilseed; 1 protein crop) - Multiple cropping - Insertion of legumes as main and/or cover crops-No-till or strip-till |
↗ Controlling weeds and soil pests with ↘ Plant protection products ↗ Species diversity |
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