Table 3
Analytical parameters of the methyl biodiesel and comparisons (literature and standards).
| Analytical parameters/ Standards and methodologies used |
Data from this study | Rashid et al. (2008, 2011) | Oliveira et al. (2012) | Pereira et al. (2010)**** | Prados et al. (2012) | ANP (Res.45/2014) | EN (14214/2008) |
ASTM (D6751-07b) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspect | Clear, yellow and free from suspension particles | – | – | – | – | Clear and free from suspension particles | – | – |
| Specific mass (kg/m3 at 20 °C) (NBR 7148) |
869** | 875 | 887 | 882 | – | 850–900 | 860–900 | ns |
| Kinematic viscosity (mm2/s/40 °C) (NBR 10441) |
5.5 | 4.83 | 13.56 | 5.0 | – | 3.0–6.0 | 3.0–5.5 | 1.9–6.0 |
| Content of ester (%) (Standard EN 14103) |
86.2 98.23* |
– | 83.68 | 98 | 97.7 | Min. 96.5 | Min. 96.5 | ns |
| Acidity index (mg KOH/g) (NBR 14448) |
0.43 | 0.38 | 0.028 | 0.02 | – | Max. 0.50 | Max. 0.50 | Max. 0.50 |
| Water content (mg/kg) (ASTM D 6304) |
615.8 | 100 | 0*** | 480 | – | Max. 200 | Max. 500 | Max. 500 |
| Free glycerol (%) (Standard EN 14105) |
0.008* | – | – | – | 0.01 | Max. 0.02 | Max. 0.02 | Max. 0.02 |
| Monoacylglycerols (%) (Standard EN 14105) |
0.409* | – | – | – | 1.13 | Max. 0.7 | Max. 0.8 | ns |
| Diacylglycerols (%) (Standard EN 14105) |
0.00* | – | – | – | 0.07 | Max. 0.2 | Max. 0.2 | ns |
| Triacylglycerols (%) (Standard EN 14105) |
0.00* | – | – | – | 0.07 | Max. 0.2 | Max. 0.2 | ns |
* Obtained from biodiesel produced in micro-scale; ** densimeter method NBR 7148; *** measured as water and sediments and expressed in %; **** biodiesel produced by the hydroesterification process; ns: not specified. NBR: Brazilian Standards − Brazil (ABNT − Brazilian Association of Technical Standards); ASTM: American Standards − USA (American Society for Testing and Materials); EN: European Standards; ANP (National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuel, Brazil).
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