Summary of recent studies about the impact of oil composition, emulsified structure and the type of phospholipid emulsifier on endotoxemia and inflammation (Laugerette et al., 2011, 2012; Lecomte et al., 2016). (A) Catheterized rats were forced fed with saline, sunflower oil + saline or an emulsion of sunflower oil in saline using soybean phospholipids (lecithin) as emulsifier and blood was drawn along the postprandial phase. (B) Mice were fed with high-fat diets varying in fat source during 8 weeks and different markers of endotoxemia and inflammation were measured in plasma and adipose tissue. (C) Mice were fed with a synthetic high-fat diet based on palm oil during 8 weeks, or with a modified diet in which 1.2% of the triglycerides have been replace with 1.2% of polar lipids (PL, mainly phospholipids) from either milk or soybean. PC: phosphatidylcholine, PE: phosphatidylethanolamine, PI: phosphatidylinositol, SM: sphingomyelin.