Postprandial endotoxemia and associated inflammation induced by the intestinal transcellular passage of bacterial LPS during lipid absorption (adapted from Vors et al., 2014). During a massive influx of dietary fatty acids in the postprandial phase, the LPS originated from the small intestine can be absorbed thanks to a transcellular passage during the intestinal absorption of dietary lipids. LPS are then transported in the bloodstream thanks to chylomicrons secreted in the postprandial phase. The circulating LPS are then partially taken up by specific transport proteins as described in Figure 1, therefore generating inflammatory events in the vascular endothelium and peripheral tissues.