A) Schematic representation hydrophobic substrate (HS) incorporation in the oleaginous yeast Y. lipolytica. 1. The size of the hydrophobic droplets is reduced by the secretion of liposan or 1a. FA are cleaved from the glycerol backbone by the secretion of Lip2 TAG lipase; 2. the modified HS can now bind in the cell surface by protrusion formation; 3. The HS enters into the cells via complex transport/ export systems; 4. modification of the HS through several pathways; 5. HS is degraded by b-oxidation in the peroxisomes (P) or 5. stored into lipid bodies as TAG. B) Electronic microscopic picture of Y. lipolytica cells cultivated on hydrophobic substrate (oleic acid). White rectangle/ arrows: hydrophobic substrate droplets adhesion on yeasts surface. Black arrows: protrusions; figure adapted from Mlickova et al., 2004.